PAPILIO. By Dr. A. Seitz. 15 



P. eurous Leech (= panopaea Nicfv) (8a). All the bands are narrowed, being only blackish stripes eunms. 

 on a pale jellow transparent 2:round, the anal area of the hindwing being alone more strongly coloured, 

 bearing a honey-yellow anal spot which is somewhat constricted in the middle; behind this spot there is a 

 blue-centred dot, which represents the anal ocellus. Chang-Yang, Central China. 



P. mandarinus Oherth. (cf' 8a, ? 8b) is transparent dull white, with narrow greyish black bands; mandarinus. 

 easily recognized 1j\' a central marking on the hindwing resembling a pair of spectacles, being especially 

 distinct on the underside; this marking consists of two rings which are connected with one another bj' a 

 streak (situated on the radial vein), the upper ling standing near the middle of the costal margin, the other 

 at the apex of the cell. West China. — cashmirensls Rothnch. (8b) is very close to it, but the upperside cashmiren- 

 of the hindwing is entirely white, except two small stripes near the base, the black markings of the under- sis. 

 side moreover shining through. Kashmir, southwards extending into the Punjab, where it is not rare. 



P. euri/pi/lus is represented in the Palaearctic Region by mikado Leerh (= albidus Wilem.) (8 c). mikado. 

 Black, with man\' dull white spots, which have a silvery gloss on the under surface; below there is more- 

 over, from the middle of the costal margin, a yellow border along the median band of spots. Sometimes 

 the white spots are merged together, occupying nearly the whole surface of the wings. On Kiushiu. 



P. leechi Rothach. {= bathycles Leech) is a similar form ol)tained at Chang- Yang in Central China; leechi. 

 very close to tiie Indian baffn/cles; here the spots are green on the upper side. Hindwing likewise tailless. 



P. c/oanthus is represented in China by clymenus Leech (8c). Hindwing with long tail. Black; cly menus. 

 a broad, transparent, green band extends from the apex of the forewing almost to the anal angle of the 

 hindwing. Moreover, the forewing bears two green spots in the cell, while there are green submarginal 

 halfmoons on the hindwing. Central and West China, not common ; difficult to catch , being a rapid tlier. 

 This form is connected with Indian cluaxthm bv all intergradations. 



'&' 



P. sarpedon L. (8c). Likewise black with a green macular band running obliciuel}' over both wings; sarpedon. 

 but there is no tail, and the cell of the forewing is without green spots. Extremely common, occurring 

 in two broods in South and Central China as well as in Japan, the northern districts excepted. In the 

 specimens of the summer brood the spots of the green band are separated by the broadly black veins; 

 sometimes the band of the hindwing is more or less obhterated, this being the case in semifasciatus Horn-., semifascia- 

 from China. — Larva green, with two pointed tubercles anteriorly and at the anus, bearing also two small tus. 

 points on each side of the 3. and 5. segments, on Aurantiaceae. Dorsal thoracical projection of pupa 

 strongly acuminate. — The butterflies are very fast tliers, having an almost rattling tlight, resting generally 

 only for a few seconds on the flowers which the}' suck. They occur in Japan often profusely at flowering 

 hedges, flying about them in large numbers. The ?? ar far rarer than the a^cf. 



P. hercules Blanch. (8 b). Black-brown above, with an ochreous discal band which is dusted with black, hercules. 

 the subapical and submarginal spots being of the same colour. Underside very pecuhar; the sharplj- limited 

 basal half of both wings cotfee-brown ; an ovate dark ocellus beyond the apex of the cell on both wings. 

 A very fast flying inhabitant of the mountains ; allied to P. (jynx, which has a similar underside, but is above 

 almost all brown (cf) or bears a whitish discal band (?). — The caterpillar of hercules is not known. West 

 China, the insect being rather -rare. *) 



2. Genus: I^uehclorfia Criiger. 



Medium-sized butterflies; body densely covered with soft hairs. Antenna rather short, and palpus 

 rough with long stiff hairs. Forewing rounded at the apex, yellow, with broad black bands, which are 

 partly abbreviated. Hindwing short-tailed, with a blue-centred anal ocellus, above which there is a deep 

 red band. The ? entirely resembles the o^ , but bears after copulation a pouch on the underside of the 

 abdomen, as in Parnassius, with which the present genus is closely alhed. — Larva rather short and thick, 

 clothed with single stiff hairs; on Aristolochia, in day-time concealed under stones near the foot-])lant. — 

 The butterilv occurs in the early spring, sometimes while there is still snow on the mountain-sides; the}' 

 suck at flowers and are not rare. Three closely related forms are known, all from Eastern Asia. 



L. puziloi Ersch. (8d). The smallest form, from Amurland. The tail very short, especially in d"; puziloi. 

 a row of yellow submarginal s])ots on the hindwing. — japonica Leech (8d) is larger, bearing broader black japonica. 

 bands and red submarginal spots ; from Japan. — chinensis Leecli from Chang- Yang in Central China stands chinensis. 

 midway between the two ; pouch of ? similar to that of japonica, but the submarginal spots of the hindwing 

 not red, but yellow, as in puziloi. — Larva black, the segmental incisions bluish white; from May to July, 

 on Asarum. — Pupa less slender than in Thais, swollen at the wing-cases (Vkrity). — The butterflies occur 



*) The genera Teinopalpus (with imperialis) and Leptocircus (vvitli curias) approach near Chans- Yang the boundary of 

 the Palaearctic Region. However, as their area extends from here southwards only, the genera will be dealt with in the 

 volume containing the Indian fauna. 



