PAPILIO. - By Dr. A. Seitz. 11 



P. paris L. While Eastern China, for instance Hongkong, is inhabited by the typical pcms-iorm, pans. 

 tlie blue patch of wiiich is nearly oval, there occurs in Western China and probably also in Tibet a jxiris- 

 form in which tlie blue patch is much reduced. This is chinensis Kofhsch. [^— paris Leech). The blue patch chinensis. 

 is deeper blue, less bright, and is reduced from the hinder side, having the shape of a large halfmoon. 

 The metallic band wliich extends from the blue patch to the anal angle is interrupted or obsolete. There 

 are all intergradations between this form and paris, the areas inliabited being continuous. 



P. arcturus W(.'<iir. foe). In this insect the blue patch of the hindwing is even more reduced than arctums. 

 in ililtioisis, being a narrow halfmoon with acute horns, the apex of the wing being deep blue. Central and 

 West China and North India. 



The last two Swallowtails are emigrants from India, where are found instead of P. paris chinends 

 two other forms, P. paris paris in North India and P. paris familana in South India, P. arrfnnis being 

 commonly met with in the Himalayan countries. The tlight is so fast that one notices the blue patch only 

 when the butterfly stops to suck at a tlower. The insects are very partial to the flowers of Lanthana and 

 Hybiscus rosasinensis. They do not occur in two separate broods like the preceding Pajnlios, but are found 

 all the summer from April to October, their frequency being practically the same throughout the warm 

 months. The green caterpillar feeds on Aurantiaceae. 



P. nicconicolens Biitl. (5cj is a form of the widely distributed P.helenus. Very large, black-brown, nicconicolens. 

 the hindwing bearing a white patch. The first described form helenus L., which is very common in South 

 China, for instance at Hongkong, does not reach the Palaearctic Region. Miccovico/ois flies on the Liu Kiu 

 Islands, but its occurrence in Southern Japan (Kiushiu) has recently also been placed beyond doubt. Its name 

 is derived from Nikko in the central island of Japan , but the occurrence there of the insect requires con- 

 firmation. The caterpillar and pupa are green; the former bears several transverse bands, of which those 

 on tlie third and ninth segments are pale, while those on the fifth, seventh and eighth segments are black, 

 somewhat dotted with grey; the underside is grey. On Aurantiaceae. — The butterfly appears in May and 

 June and has a light and fast flight, being more partial to damp places on roads than to tlowers, on which 

 they rest lightly with their very long legs when sucking. Whereas the insect is very common in India 

 and also not rare on the Liu Kiu Islands it occurs onlj' sparingly in the extreme South-East of the Palae- 

 arctic Eegion. 



-t>' 



P. polytes L. is represented in the Palaearctic Region by a geographical race named by Felder borealis. 

 borealis (5c). Black; forewing with creamy white marginal spots; hindwing with a discal band of spots 

 of the same colour, more or less parallel to the distal margin. North-Eastern China, southward to Shanghai; 

 Liu Kiu Islands. The ?? are usually similar to the d", but there occurs also a second, very different, form, 

 in which the forewing are brown with blackish streaks, while the hindwing bears a large white discal patch. 

 — In ab. thibetanus Oberfli. the spots of the hindwing are partly absent or very small. — ab. mandane thibetanus. 

 Rothsch. is a $-form with reduced white patch on hindwing. All these forms are north-eastern represent- mandane. 

 atives of P. polytes, which is distributed in a great number of geographical forms over the whole Indo- 

 Malayan Subregion. Here pah/tes is tailed or tailless ; in the cf and the cf-like ? the white spots of the 

 hindwing are usually so large that they form a continuous band traversed by the black veins. The ?? are 

 usually different from the o"", imitating generally the poisonous forms of Pharmaeophayus which occur in the 

 district, being similar in South India to Pharmacopliagiis hector and in North India and Burma to Pli. orist- 

 nlorhiae, and appearing m Borneo in the guise of P/i. antipluis: etc. — The cater])illar is green, bearing 

 black, white-marked, transverse bands on the third, fifth, seventh to ninth, and on the twelfth segments. 

 On Aurantiaceae. The pupa is strongly bent backwards, bearing strong frontal and thoracical tubercles; 

 green, whitish at the shoulders. — Tlie butterflies, which are extremely common in India, are much rarer 

 in the Palaearctic Region; they occur throughout the sunnner, not forming distinctly different seasonal forms. 

 They have a preference for the flowers of Lanthana. 



P. xuthus L. (= xanthus L.) (6a) resembles somewhat P. machaon, but the yellow colour is more xuthus. 

 restricted; thei-e are three black longitudinal streaks in the ceU of the forewing. — ab. xuthulus Brem. (6a) xuthulus. 

 is the spring form: smaller, with narrower black vein-streaks than the summer form, ocellus without pupil. 

 Common in Eastern China, except the south, not reaching Hongkong. Extremely common in Corea, Japan, 

 the Liu Kiu and neighbouring Islands, and Formosa. Less numerous in Amurland; in the northern districts 

 in some years and in certain localities even rare, having here only one brood (Graesee). — The caterpillar 

 is very similar to that of /'. liiaiior; bright green; a grey, white-marked, transverse band on the tliird, fifth 

 and twelfth somites, a similar oblique band over the seventh and eighth segments; above the prolegs large, 

 rounded, white spots. From June to November on Aegle sepiaria and various fruit-trees. The chiysahs is 

 green, rarely brown; the anterior abdominal segments lateraUy somewhat swollen and carinate; caputal 



