10 PAPILIU. — By Dr. A. Seitz. 



protenor. P. protenor Cram, (o'' = memiion Fain:, S — laomedon Fabr.) (:3b). Tailless: black: hindwing; above 



witii red anal ocellus and in d' ■with white costal area; underside grey on forewing, black on hindwing, 

 anal and apical area of the latter spotted with red. The sexes similar. — A fast tl.ying insect ; verv common 

 in Central and West-China, extending southward to Fonnosa and North India. Indian sjiecimens liave a 

 stronger metallic gloss on the upperside. — Larva green; four transverse bands and head and anal segment 

 claj'-colour, the thoracical bands being partly black. It is found on Xanthoxylum alatum. The chrjsalis is 

 green or wood-brown. 



rhetenor. P. rhetenor KV.v/m-. (^= alcmenor Fcld., ? = icarius Westw.) (3b. c). cf similar to the preceding 



on the upperside, tailless; on the underside the red colour extends from the base to the anal ocellus (3b). 

 The ? (3e) is very ditferent from the S: hindwing broadly tailed, with white central patch, which is very 

 large in southern specimens, being occasionally obsolescent in northern ones. Central, South and West 

 China, and North India; much rarer than the preceding, especialU' the ?. The caterpillar is not known. 



demetrius. P. demetrius Cram. (= carpenter! Biitl.) (cf" 3e, ? 4a). Similar to P. prolenor, but both sexes with 



short, broad, rounded tail. Caterpillar similar to that of P. .riifliKs, green, with dark transverse bands and 

 white side-spots, in June and again in the autumn on Citrus and Aegle sepiaria. The imago from April till 

 October, in China and Japan, also on Formosa, the Liu Kiu Islands and in North India, nowhere a rarity, 

 being especially common in the hills. 



macilentus. P. maciientus JauA. (= scaevola Ohertlt.) (4a). Black -brown; hindwing above with submarginal 



halfmoons, which are sometimes obsolete; recognizable by the prolonged hindwing, which measures some- 

 times as much as 8 cm from the base of the wing to tlie tip of the tail (= tractipennis Butl). This 

 insect imitates /•". alcinous, being much rarer than the model, and also than demetrius, with which it occurs 

 together. Japan, China; from Jlay till September; the spring specimens are very much smaller than the 

 summer form here figured. 



'&'- 



P. bianor is a black species dusted with metallic green scales on the upperside. It varies according 

 to season and locality and inhabits the whole of eastern Asia from East Siberia to South China. In the 

 cf there are posteriorly on the disc a number of hairy streaks situated on the veins. — The first described 

 bianor. form, bianor Cram. (4e), is the summer form from East and Central China, which is very common in certain 

 localities, for instance at Kwang-Tung on the island of Hongkong, occurring here from July till October. 

 majalis. — The corresponding spring form ah. majalis nor. (3e) is smaller and more densely dusted with green. This 

 dehaani. form is less connnon than the summer form. — dehaani Fehl. (^ lorquini Peak) (4c), which is common every- 

 where in Southern Japan, is similar to the summer form of bianor, but the greyish white streaks on the underside 

 of the forewing are much shorter and less prominent, and there is on the disc of the hindwing usually a 

 japonica. narrow pale banil. — In ab. japonica Biitl., which is the spring form of dcliaani, the wings bear usually on 

 the upperside a bright green or golden green discal band, the green scaling being also denser than in the 

 maacki. summer form. — maacki Meia'tr. (— tutanus Feiit.) (.5 a) is the northern summer form from Yezo, Corea and 

 raddei. Amurland. — ab. raddei Brem. (4b) is the corresponding spring form, the smallest of all hianvr-iovms, ap- 

 pearing in ]\Iay. Some of the ])upae of the summer brood, instead of emerging in July, lie occasionally 

 over till the following year; the imagines from such pupae have, according to Gkaesee, the size of maacki 

 dialis. but the colour of raddei. — The name dialis Leccli is based on a cf of the next form from West China 

 syfanius. with narrow hairstreaks. — syfanius Oberth. is the West Chinese form, having probably only one brood, 

 owing to the altitude of the country. Many specimens bear a white patch on the chsc of the hindwing. 

 The insect flies in June. 



The caterpillar of P. bianor exhibits considerable variability. It is on the 'whole similar to that of 

 P. demetrius, being green and bearing two transverse bands. It occurs, like that of P. de)netriii.t, on Aurau- 

 tiaceae, Phellodendron , and Aegle sepiaria, of which consist the hedges around the gardens of the natives. 

 The butterflies appear in spring and in greater numbers again from July till October. They are Inisy visit- 

 ing flowering trees and bushes, being very partial to the flowers of Lanthana hybrida. 



P. polyctor Boisd. (.5b) comes nearest to P. bianor. It bears on the upperside a broad metallic band 

 running from the costal margin of the forewing to the anal angle of the hindwing, being golden green on the 

 forewing, brilliant blue on the hindwing, the insect connecting in colour bianor with jiaris. The area in- 

 habited by P. jjoh/rtor borders on that of P. bianor, the species occuring from West China to Kashmir and 

 Afghanistan, being represented further east in North India by ganesa. P. poJi/ctor is common in the southern 

 portions of its district, especially in that portion of India which lies near the borders of the Palaearctic 

 polyctor. Region. It occurs in two seasonal forms, polyctor Boisd. being the summer form, while the smaller spring 

 peeroza. form has received the name ab. peeroza Moorr. being distinguished from pohidor, besides size, by the more 

 distinct submarginal halfmoons on the upperside of the hindwing. The sexes are similar. 



