50 BELENOIS: SYNCHLOE. By J. Rober. 



Sisymbrium, Sinapis and Alyssum. Pupa green, brownish or grey, with yellowish white lateral stripes on 

 the abdomen. Flies in spring and again in July-August. 



glauconome. L. glauconome Khig {= vipassa Moore) occurs in Arabia, East Africa, South Persia, Egypt. Kashmir 



and Tibet. Above very similar to dapUdice, but smaller, hindwing beneath with large white marginal spots. — 



iranica. iratlica Bien. (summer-form) (20f) is larger and has onlj- slight greenisli markings at the distal margin and 



on the disc of the hindwing. — Larva light green, thickest in centre, with yellow longitudinal stripes and 



black dots, head light green with black punctures. 



8. Genus: Belenois Ubn. 



Subcostal with 4 branches, 2 of them proximally to apex of cell, middle discocellular much longer 

 than in the previous genera; antennal club large, elongate-ovate. Only 1 species in the Palaearctic Region. 

 The larvae live gregariously on various plants, large numbers, often hundreds, being found on a single l3ush. 

 The butterflies congregate often in swarms. Emerging from the pupa sometimes already after 5—6 days. 



mesentina. B. mesentina Cr. {= aurota F., lordaca Walk.) (21 d, e). This species, which inhabits Africa, Arabia 



and India, occurs also in the south of the Palaearctic Region, Syria and Persia, and presumably also in 

 Kashmir and Tibet. Above white with black apical markings, a black spot at apex of cell of forewing and 

 smaller black markings at the distal margin of hindwing; in the ? the apical markings are widened, also 

 the hindwing has larger marginal markings, bearing also some small black spots in the centre. Underside 

 yellowish white, with the markings as above but more feebly developed, the hindwing bearing a dark discal 

 band. In the tropics split up into several local races. — The egg semiconical, shining yellow, deposited on 

 the upperside of a leaf, a number close together, but not touching each other. The adult larva measures 

 about 3 cm; cylindrical, somewhat incrassate towards head, green, fine-hairy, with a broad, chocolate, white- 

 dotted stripe on the sides and a narrower yellow stripe above the legs, head brownish; feeds on various 

 species of Capparis. Pupa grey, with pale spots. 



9. Genus: filynchloe Hhn. 



Antennal club large, distinctly conti-asting with shaft, concave like a spoon; neuration hardly 

 different from that of the previous genus, the distinctive character of the genus being rather the pattern 

 which differs essentially from that of Belenoh, as can be seen from the figures. Parapieris Nice'v. is 

 sjTionymous with Synchloe. 



caltidice. S. callidice Esp. (21 e) occurs in the southern Alps of Europe, in the Caucasus, .\sia Minoi', Persia, 



South-West China, Tibet, Kashmir and the north-western Himalayas; in the last-named district the sjiecies is 



extremely common, and here appears to be the original home of the insect. There are several local races. 



In the name-typical form, from the Swiss Alps, the Pyrenees and the Caucasus, the cfcf are white above 



with slight black markings on forewing, while the ?? have very well developed marginal and submarginal 



markings on fore- and hindwing. The underside has greenish markings, which are arrowhead-shaped on the 



hindwing, the point of the spots being directed basad (i. e. in the opposite direction as in the Metaporia- 



dirysidice. species). — chrysidicc H.-Sch., from the mountains of Asia Minor and Persia, is more uniform in colour 



orienta/is. heneaih. — orientalis A/j)!). (= kalora Gr.-Grsh., chrysidice Stiir.) (21 e), from the mountains of Central 



kalora. Asia, has above more black and beneath less greenish markings, and kalora Moore, from the north-western 



Himalayas, Tibet and Kashmir, is beneath much more marked with green, the black markings above being 



more extended than in callidice, but less so than in orientalis. 



dubernardi. S. dubernardi Ohirth. (17 f). Both sexes above almost the same in pattern: black distal margin, a 



black discocellular spot and another black spot in the 3. marginal cell, the hindwing being less extended 

 black at distal margin. Forewing below with the larger inner portion white, the distal portion yellowish, 

 the veins broadly edged with black, there being a blackish discal band between the 3. median and the 

 submedian. Hindwing yellow, with broadly black-edged veins, with which submarginal spots are contiguous, 

 there being also a yellow basal streak. Flies in May and July ni West China; the d'& are common, the 

 ?? much rarer. 



ditimbiensis. S. chumbiensis AVr^V. (20 e d'), from Tibet, closely resendiles duhcrnardi above, but differs, besides 



the wing-shape, in the lighter underside of forewing and the darker one of hindwing, the light-coloured 

 veins contrasting strongly with the ground. 



kozlovi. S. kozlovi A/pIi. (17 fj, from Nan-Shan, reseriibles in cf above the ? of dubernardi, but the ? differs 



very much from that species: upperside yellow, with strongly developed black-brown markings, the hindwing 



