APPIAS; EUCHLOE. By J. Ruber. 51 



beneath darkened except the distal margin, the veins not being edged with black. — To solve the question 

 if the 3 foi-ms above described belong to one species or must be considered as separate species, a much 

 larger material is necessary than is at present to hand. 



10. Genus: Apx>ia» Hbn. 



Of this large genus, which has numerous species in the Indo-Austrahan Region, about 10 in Africa 

 and 2 in South -America, only one Indian form crosses, in West China, the boundary of the Palaearctic 

 Region. The insect mentioned here-after belongs to tlie large group of white Appias- (Tachijfig-) species. 

 The genus exhibits an abundance of diverse forms, containing not only many species belonging to the 

 present group, but also species with blue, yellow or olive-brown ground-colour. In neuration Appias is 

 closely allied to the P/er/s-type ; the cfcf, however, possess a characteristic sexual distinction in 2 brushes 

 of stiff hairs placed on the underside of the abdomen near the anal aperture, serving secondary sexual pur- 

 poses. The Appias are very fast fliers. The d'd' congregate in large numbers at puddles, the edge of 

 brooks and other moist places on the ground, sucking the liquid and essentially contributing by their large 

 numbers of individuals to the entomological character of the districts inhabited by them. In India swarms 

 of these insects have repeatedly been observed. The sexual difference of the species of Appias is often 

 extraordinary, for instance blue or red o'd having white or yellow ??, and white cfcf white or yellow ?? 

 with extensive dark markings. From this remark it will also be noticed that tlie ?? are dimorphic. 



A. paulina Or. (20 g) appears to be rare in the Palaearctic Region, hitherto only one specimen jya;;//«(7. 

 having been found at Ta-tsien-lu in West China, being obtained in July, cf above white with feeble silky 

 gloss, only at apex and base often blackish, especially in Indian specimens; forewing beneath white with 

 yellowish apical area, the underside of hindwing being light yellow without markings. ? bkewise white, 

 with black apical, marginal and submarginal markings and on hindwing a row of black marginal spots; 

 underside white with slight silky gloss and feeble markings corresponding to those above. 



11. Genus: Eucllloe Hhn. 



Differs from the following genus Anthochavis in the forewing having only one subcostal proximally 

 to apex of cell and in the middle discocellular being very short or absent; pi/rothoe, which we have to 

 place here on account of the neuration, deviates not only in aspect but also in the 2. subcostal branching 

 off either at apex of cell or shortly beyond, moreover, the 5. subcostal is absent; chloridice, too, stands 

 isolated in this genus on account of the neuration, but is better placed here than in any other genus; the 

 erection of special genera for these 2 species, we think, would be out of place, considering the scope of 

 the present work. The species of Euchloi' are exclusively Palaearctic and North -American, only one species, 

 falloui, extends southward into Somahland; the true home is North -America, where the majority (6) of the 

 species occurs. These insects appear in 2 broods. Phyllocharis Schatz is a synonym of Eiichloe. 



E. chloridice Hbn. {= russiae Esp) (20 f) inhabits South-Eastern Europe, Asia Minor, Persia, ditorldice. 

 South and East Siberia, West Asia, Tibet, Ladak and South -West China. The name-typical (spring-) form 

 has dark green markings beneath. — The summer-form aestuosa Stgi: (20 g) is beneath lighter in colour aestuosa. 

 and has less markings. — albidice Stgr. (= chloridice Christ.) (20 g), from Persia, is in the c? almost devoid albidice. 

 of black markings above. 



E. belemia Esp. (= glauce Fry.) (22a). Above white with blackish, white-spotted, apex and large belemia. 

 blackish discocellular spot ; underside of hindwing grey-green with siiarply detined silvery white stripes, 

 the apical area of forewing being similarly marked. — The summer-form glauce Hhn. (22 a) has on the glauce. 

 hindwing below broader, whitish, irregularlj' defined light bands with a yellowish admixtui'e. — At 

 Philippeville (Algiers) occurs the end of May a large form with yellowish white ground-colour, strongly 

 developed apical marking and very large black central spot, the underside being more strongly green than 

 in glauce; we designate this insect distincta form. nor. — The opposite development is observed in an distincta. 

 aberration from El Kantara (middle of May) with the markings of the upperside obsolete, the white bands 

 of the hindwing below much widened and the green bands strongly tinged with yellow: ab. evanescens evanescens. 

 nov. — The summer-form from Palestine shows enlarged white spots iu the apical area of the forewing 

 above and strongly reduced yellowish green bands on the underside of the hindwing: palaestlnenSiS palwstinensis. 

 form. nav. — In Tunis occurs desertorum Tur., a dwarfed form with the green bands of the hindwing desertorum. 

 below reduced in width. — The species has so far been found only in South Spain, North Africa, the 

 Canaries, Asia Minor, and Syria. 



