54 ANTHOGHARIS. By J. RimEE. 



sharplj' marked. In the ? the dark apical area reduced to 2 small subapical costal spots and a roundish 

 patch standing lietween the 2. and 3. median veins. 



cardamines. A. cardamines L. (22 f) occurs throughout Europe, Asia Minor, and Northern Asia, extending into 



China, in several geographical forms. In the o" of the name-typical cardamines the orange-red apical patch 



does not reach much further than to the black discocellular spot, the rest of the upperside being white 



with the exception of the narrowlv ])lack apical margin, the proximal area of the forewing beneath 



and the underside of the hindwing being likewise white, the latter with greenish ("parsley"-) markings, 



which are rather variable in extent. In the ? the orange-red apical patch is wanting, but the black apical 



marking is much wider and the black discocellular spot larger, otherwise the ? similar to the cf. Among 



turritis. this race, erroneously called "Stammform" by German writers, there occur the following aberrations: turritis 0. 



(= minor Cock.) (22 f), which is almost contined to the south of the distribution-area, has a reduced orange 



hesperidis. patch, reaclung onh' to the black median spot. — hesperidis Newiiham, a dwarfed form. — alberti Hoff'm.: 



alberti. the orange patch more fiery, the black markings more prominent, the forewing beneath sulphur-yellow prox- 



lasthenia. mvdily , the underside of hindwing more strongly marmorated with green, bearing black dots. — lasthenia 



Mill.: the orange patch normal, the black median spot absent, the black apical and marginal spots present, the 



odirea. base of wings entirely white, the hindwing beneath spotted with very light greenish yellow. — ochrea Tutf: 



immaciilata. the hindwing almost entirely yellow, principally a ?-form. — imtnaculata Pabst: without black median spot 



qtiadri- to the forewing. — quadripunctata Fuchs: all the wings with a black median spot above and below, this 



punctata, spot on the forewing above large and streak-like, anteriorly rounded oif, truncate behind, the spot of the 



hindwing above thin and roundish, grey-black, beneath very large and deep black, situated within the green 



phoenissa. markings. — Of local forms we have to mention: phoenissa Kalrhh.. from Syria, like ab. turritis, but purer 



thibetana. white beneath. — thibetana Oherth., from West China, has the orange patch as in turritis, but the veins of 



sajana. the hindwing above are bordered with sulphur-yellow. — sajana Bang-Haas i. 1., from East Sajan: orange 



patch enlarged, the basal area of the forewing above vellowish, being deeper yellow beneath, the markings 



extensa. of the underside of the hindwing more regular in shape and lighter. — extensa fi)nn. nor., from China 



(Nangking), leads over to the next form, being a transitional link; almost the whole forewing orange-red, 



hardlv one-fourth of the wing being light yellow, the orange deeper than in the other forms, but not so 



speciosa. dark as in bamhusarum. — Whetlier speciosa form. nor. (22 g), from Southern Styria, is a local or individual 



form, we are at present not able to decide; very large, the orange patch fiery, distinct black spots on the 



discocellulars and at the distal margin of the iiindwing, the green markings of the hindwing beneath almost 



orientalis. regularly band-hke. — orientalis form, nor., from Buchara, very large, the orange patch of a deep tint and 



almost as large as in sajana, upperside of hindwing darkened in consequence of the strong development of 



the greenish markings of the underside, slightly yellowisli: forewing beneath deep sulphur-j'ellow in the 



proximal portion of the cell, the j^ellowish green markings of the hindwing strongly widened, the white 



ground-colour being much reduced. — In Asia Minor (Kara-Hissar) a pretty aberration has been found whicli 



crocea. has a lemon-yeUow apical patch to the forewing, the patch being of the same size as in turritis: ab. crocea 



form. nov. — The whitish green eggs are deposited singly on leaves. Larva l)lue-green, with minute black 



dots, a whitish dorsal line on the first and fiftli somites, and a white side-stripe, of which the dorsal edge is 



washed out, venter grey -green, head dark green with black dots; feeds in June and July on Turritis glabra, 



Arabis, Sisj^mbrium, species of Cardimene, etc. Pupa smooth, anteriorly slender, being produced into an 



obtuse dark process which is strongl}- curved back ; green or brownish , with a white side-stripe , and thin 



reddish streaks; fastened with the head upwards (Spulee). 



bainbusarum. A. bambusarum 06ev</(. (22h), from Tse-Kiang in China, is somewhat larger than cf/rfA/m/Hcs, the whole 



forewing above and beneath is uniforml}' dull orange-red; the apex of forewing less broadly dark and not 

 black, but greenish, the black discocellular spot less distinct than in cardamines, the hindwing very similar 

 to that of cardamines above and beneath. 



gruneri. A. gruneri H.-Sch. (22 g), from Greece, Southern Turkey, and Asia Minor, is smaller than cardamines, 



but otherwise similar: the black apical markings broader in the o^, the ground-colour of tlie upperside 



armeniaca. strongly j-ellowish. — artneniaca Christ. (22 g), from Asia Minor and Mesopotamia, is more whitish above, 



homogena. and the orange-red apical patch proximally dark-edged. — ab. homogena Bi'ihl-HeijHe is an intermediate 



diluta. foiin. — Near Angora flies diluta form, nor., which is distinguished by the less developed greenish markings 



of the underside of the hindwing, and in the $, besides, by the dai'k apex of the forewing l)eneatli being 



almost completely without markings. — In Sj'ria, where this insect does not appear to be plentiful, there 



occurs a special form : small , upperside pure white , orange patch reduced , reaching only to the black 



median spot and having no dark proximal edge; underside of hindwing with much extended white markings; 



eras, we propose for this form the name eros. 



damone. A. damone Boisd. {= eunoraia Frr) (22 g), from South Italy, Sicily, the southern Balcan, Asia ]\[inor 



and Syria, is in the o^ lemon-j'ellow above and below, with a narrowly black apex, large deep orange-red 

 apical patch, which is more or less dark-edged proximally, and with a large black median spot to the fore- 

 wing: the underside of the hindwing deeper yellow, with grey-greenish markings. The ? is white above 



