TERAGOLUS. By J. Robkk. 57 



T. Calais Or. (:= dynamene Kliiff, carnifer Bflr.) (23 d) is a local form of the Indian amata F. ; it calais. 

 occurs in South Persia, Arabia and Africa. Upperside flesh-colour with black marginal and submarginal 

 markings, the median spot and a basal costal stripe on the forewing and the costal margin of the hindwing 

 being likewise black. Underside dark sulphur-yellow with small black markings. The ground-colour of the 

 ? is much lighter above and beneath and the dark markings are more extended. — Larva pea-green, paler 

 beneath, a dark shade over the back. Some individuals have two dark white-dotted spots behind the head, 

 others bear light longitudinal stripes. The head may be green or brown. On Salvadora persica. Pupa 

 either green or yellow-brown, shaded with black. The eggs are deposited in clusters of 20 to 70, the 

 larvae remaining together for a long time, being often infested by Tachina. Gh. Nukse bred the differently 

 coloured larvae and pupae from the same cluster of eggs. 



T. phisadia Godt. (23 d). Upperside of forewing salmon-colour, with broad black distal marginal band, phisadia. 

 in which there are spots of the ground-colour; black median spot large, rounded; basal area darkened. 

 Upperside of hindwing yellowish white, with broad black marginal band which occupies nearly half the 

 wing. Underside sulphur-yellow, with some black submarginal spots in the posterior area, and on the 

 forewing a black median spot. Patria: Arabia and North - Eastern Africa. — palaestinensis Btgr., from palae- 

 South Palestine, differs in the underside being brownish. — Larva pea-green; when young with 2 black stinensis 

 spots behind the head, and on the 2. segment a white spot, which is edged with dark in adult specimens; 

 two similar spots in the middle of the back and one on the 11. segment. Feeds on Salvadora persica. 



T. pleione Klug {=^ miriam Fldr., chrysomelis Btlr., eucheria Mah.) (23 c). Upperside orange-yellow, pleione. 

 with blackish apical and marginal markings, blackish median sjjot, the hindwing of the cf being broadly 

 white posteriorly and the costal margin of the forewing likewise white. ?? with white upperside we 

 designate as ab. tethys (23c). — Larva brownish when young, later pea-green, somewhat rough, but not tethys. 

 really hairy; a dorsal longitudinal line pale, disappearing before pupation; two rows of small black lateral 

 spots, which vary in distinctness. On Gapparis droserifolia and Gadaba glandulosa. Pupa creamy, spotted 

 ■with green, the wing-cases strongly bulging out. The insect is frequentl}' infested by two species of 

 Ichneumons, and the butterfly is preyed upon by a spider, which lives on the food-plant and in the webs 

 of which dozens of dead butterflies are found hanging (Sbitz). — Arabia, Abyssinia and Somaliland. 



T. daira Klug (= dalila Fldr.). Upperside white with small black marginal spots and a large, daira. 

 proximally black-bordered, apical patch ; underside white with yellow apex to the forewing and reddish sub- 

 apical band; cell of forewing sulphur-yellow; a black spot on the lower discocellular of both wings, being 

 proximally edged with yellow on hindwing. — The winter-form nouna L»c. (= demagore Fldr) (23 d) is noima. 

 reddish yellow-white beneath, and the black proximal border to the orange patch is absent. The ? either 

 resembles the d' completely, or may have even more black than the specimen here figured. Patria: Arabia, 

 North Africa, Nubia, Sudan, Abyssinia, Somaliland. — Larva similar to that of P. rapae ; ground-colour 

 green, with brown dorsal hne, which is distinct only on the head and at the anus, two dirty yellow side- 

 stripes from the head to the 3. pair of legs; head, legs and anal prolegs green, the whole larva finely 

 hairy. Pupa dirty yellow, with a brownish tint towards head, with distinct dorsal line, along each side of 

 which there is a row of small black points; duration of the pupa-stage of the summer-brood about 14 days 

 (K. Andrbas). In North Africa there occurs only the form nouna. 



T. eupompe Klug (= theopompe Fldr., anteupompe fldr.) (23 e) is found on the Sinai-peninsula, in eupompe. 

 Arabia, East Africa and on the Senegal. Upperside white, on the forewing with narrowly black costal and 

 distal margins, large apical carmine patch, which is broadly edged with black proximally, and on the 

 hindwing with black distal marginal spots. Underside yellowish white, with small black median spots, a not 

 sharply defined red subapical band, and black-brown subapical spots, which are prolonged to rays in the ?. 

 Upperside of ? much darker, with obsolescent reddish subapical streaks. The specimens here figured are 

 from Nubia. 



T. chrysonome Klug (23 c). Upperside of forewing dull orange-yellow, with white base, hl-Ack dirysonome. 

 apical and submarginal markings and black median spot; hindwing greyish yellow, with black veins. Under- 

 side of forewing orange-yellow, with yellow apex, the hindwing being sulphur-yellow with more or less 

 distinct markings. In the ? the hindwing above similar in colour to the forewing; beneath the forewing is 

 proximally orange, yellow at apex, the hindwing being sulphur-yellow, with 4 rows of brownish markings. 

 The patria of this form is South Palestine and the northern districts of East Africa. 



T. setniramis Gr.-Grsh., from South Persia, where it flies in February, is rosy red above, the semiramis 

 anteradial area of the hindwing being orange, the costal and anal edge of the hindwing densely dusted 

 with blackish green; distal margin deep black, apex of forewing with 3 large and 2 small bluish green 

 spots, hindwing as in phisadia very broadly edged with black, the black median spot elongate, joined to 

 the black costal border. Underside of both wings pale orange, still paler at apex, greenish sulphur at 



