GATOPSnJA. By J. R()ber. 59 



If T. hobsoni Btlr. belongs to laeta or to the following species hecahe, or is a distinct species, has hobsoni. 

 not yet been ascertained. Upperside canary-yellow, the apex of forewing and the distal margin of both 

 wings being more or less broadly margined with blackish brown. Underside canary-yellow or paler, being 

 dusted with dark and bearing more or less developed spots. Patria: China or Formosa. 



The second abundant East Asiatic species of Terias is T. hecabe L. (= sinensis Luc, anemone hecabe. 

 tldr., hecabeoides Men., aesiope Men., multiformis Pryer) (2af). This species likewise occurs not only in 

 two very different seasonal forms, but the forms vary also considerably. T. hecahe tlies from May, being 

 the spring-form. The ground-colour of the upperside varies from sulphur- to light lemon-yellow, also the 

 shape of the blackish brown distal marginal band of the forewing is very different, being sometimes very 

 narrow, though always reaching to the hind angle. — Quite different is the winter-form mandarina Orza mandarina. 

 (23 f), which is above usually much lighter yellow; the dark band of the upperside occupies at the most 

 the apical area, being often represented only by small spots situated at the costal margin near the apex. 

 Appears in August, hibernates, and disappears in April. While heeahe varies strongly also in the development 

 of the dark markings of the underside, there being sometimes large brownish patches, mamlnrina has always 

 few markings beneath. Some of the individual forms of hecahe have received special names, the most 

 remarkable forms being: mariesii BtJr.: cf deep lemon-yellow, ? sulphur-yellow, six forms being described mariesii. 

 by Butler. — hybrida Btlr. and connexiva Btlr. are said to be characterized by the different shape of liybrida. 

 the dark margins. All these forms, however, are not constant, the distinctions given for each form applying conrie.\iva. 

 only to typical specimens. The great variability is illustrated to a certain extent by the figures given by 

 P. G. T. Snellen in "Midden Sumatra" Plate I and II. — Larva short-hairy, grass-green, with darker 

 dorsal stripe and whitish stripe above the legs ; on Aeschynomene sesban, Lespedeza juncea, "Madras-thorn" 

 and leguminous plants. Pupa of the usual shape, yellowish green, with dark dots. 



If T. blanda B. (23 f), which occurs also in Japan, is to be regarded a distinct species, or if it is li/anda. 

 hkewise only a form of hecahe, has not yet been ascertained. Upperside sulphur-yellow, with narrow and 

 more regular black distal margin to the forewing, the band not extending along the hindmargin, and with 

 very narrow and diffuse marginal band to the hindwing, the underside being hght yellow with dark specks 

 at the costa of forewing; otherwise not different from hecahe. 



'& I 



T. senegalensis B. (23 e), which occur in the larger portion of Africa and in Arabia, certainly is senegalensis. 

 also only a form of hecahe. Wings narrower, the dark marginal band of the forewing reduced, the hindwing 

 almost without a dark border; ? hght sulphur-yellow to yellowish white. 



T. venata Moore (23 f) occurs in North China according to Butler, inhabiting also a large portion oenata. 

 of India. Upperside deep yellow, being strongly dusted with black in the posterior half, the blackish brown 

 border being rather broad on both wings. Underside yellow, with few dark specks. 



19. Genus: Catop^ilia Hbn. 



This genus is distributed through all tropical countries, extending beyond the tropics only in a few 

 districts, being most highly developed in South America. ('. pkUea L., the fine Ami/nthia menippe Hhn., 

 usually considered a CatoimUa, and similar species rival the most beautiful butterflies in size and beauty. 

 The c^cf possess as a secondary sexual distinction a broad thick covering of scales on the distal portion 

 of the wings, also scent-brushes and scaled grooves situated near the base of the wings. The palpi project 

 only little beyond the head, the end-segment being very small, often concealed under the scaling. The 

 antennae are rather short, without distinctly marked club, the tip being truncate or incised. The forewing 

 is triangular, possessing a long cell, a four-branched subcostal, two of the branches originating before apex 

 of cell, the other two forming a long fork, the fourth branch terminating in the distal margin. The hindwing 

 is rounded, but in some species the distal margin is obtusely angulate in the middle, while in others the 

 anal angle is produced into a kind of tail. — All Catopsihas are extremely common butterflies, which 

 occasionally congregate in swarms. They are often the first butterflies which fly to the ships lying in 

 tropical ports, they fly mostly fast, but are easily caught, when sucking at flowers with the wings 

 firmly closed. 



C. florella F. (= pyrene Swains., minna Led) (23 g) inhabits the whole of Africa south of i\\& florella. 

 Sahara, as well as Syria, Arabia and Egypt. & above greenish white, with very small dark apical marking 

 and dark median spot on the forewing; yellowish white beneath, with uniform light sparrow-hawk pattern, 

 which is only absent from the posterior portion of the forewing; both wings with a reddish median spot; 

 head, eyes and antennae reddish. The ? is yellow, with reddish brown spots at the distal margin and a 

 large black median spot on the forewing; underside yellow with reddish sparrow-hawk pattern, on forewing 

 one, on hindwing two, united, discoceUular spots, which are reddish with silvery centre. — Larva light 



