68 COLIAS. By J. Rober. 



aqiiilonaris. C. aquilonaris Gr.-Grsh., from the valleys of the rivers Olenek and Jana (North-Eastern Siberia), is 



perhaps a local form of hecla. Upperside of cf golden yellow, with black-brown distal margin, the middle 

 spot small, often almost absent, middle spot of hindwing large and red, costa and fringes of forewing rosy 

 red; underside of forewing golden jellow, hghter at the distal margin, dusted with black, the submarginal 

 spots blackish, small or nearly wanting; hindwing ochre-yellow, dusted with blackish, greenish at base, the 

 double middle spot silvery white, broadly edged with reddish brown. The ? above shaded with greenish 

 black at the costa and base of forewing, the broad black-brown distal margin beai's small sulphur-j'ellow 

 spots; hindwing darkened, blackish in middle, the sulphur-yellow submarginal spots small, the middle spot 

 large, golden j'ellow; the underside olive- or ochre-yellow, middle of forewing light golden yellow, the 

 hindwing sparsely dusted with brownish and greenish scaling. — Has been found about the middle of July. 



chrysotheme. C. chrysotheme Esp. (26 f), from Lower Austria, Bohemia, Hungary. Asia Minor, Armenia, and the 



Altai and Kentei Mts., is light or dark orange-yellow above, the moderately broad black marginal band is 

 traversed by the jellow veins in cf, the large black-brown middle spot of the forewing is mosth- pale- 

 centred, the liindwing has a large orange-red middle spot. The ? has the black marginal band broader and 

 spotted with yellow, the hindwing being darkened. The underside is beautifully yellow, the proximal portion 

 of the forewing being reddish, the submarginal spots of the forewing black, those of the hindwing brown, 

 the middle spot of the forewing large, pale-centred, that of the hindwing double, mother-of-pearl colour, with 

 sibirica. dark edge. — sibirica Gi:-Grsh. (2Qg), from Sibiria (occurring as aberration also in Europe), is paler, the 

 d' has a broader marginal band, and tlie ? enlarged sulpluu'-yellow submarginal spots. The specimen figured 



sdiugiirowi. was found near Vienna. — ab. schugurowi Krulik. is a ?-form from South Russia with the ground-colour 

 hurleyi. pure sulphur-yellow: — the form with whitish ground-colour, corresponding to helice, is named ab. hurleyi 

 werneri. Aign. ; — ab. werneri Geed is a form with strongly enlarijjed middle spot on the forewing. — Egg cylindrical, 

 conical, sharply acuminate, feebly carinate, first whitish, later yellow. The young larva feebly hairy, dirty 

 green, head blackish, after the 1. moult strongly setose, lighter green, with distinct white side-stripes, after 

 the 2. moult more yellowish green, with darker head, after the 4. moult (adult) clothed with short bristles 

 on the flattened head and on the body, beautifuUj- sap-green, with sharply marked white side-line, in which 

 the likewise white spiracles are situated, and which is divided by a usually interrupted bright red longitudinal 

 line that is partly dilated to spots; gut shining through dark green; face, legs and venter more yellowish 

 green; hibernating, sometimes till August, on Vicia hirsuta. Pupa greenish yellow, the tips of the veins of 

 the wing-cases bearing darker dots and the abdomen having a usually continuous lateral row of black 

 dots; emergence after 14 days (Spulee). 



fieldii. C. field!! Mm. (26 g), from East and Xortli India, Central and West China, etc., is very similar to 



croceus, but of a more fiery colour, not rarely with violet gloss: the underside with more dai'k markings. 

 leucania. We name the white form of the ? ab. leucania n<yc. Apparently not rare. 



croceus C. croccus Fourcr. (:= edusa F., h^ale Esp., helena H.-Sch.) (26 g). With the exception of the most 



(ediisa). northern districts, this insect occurs throughout Europe. North Africa, the Canary Islands, Madeira, Western 



Asia. Persia, etc., being, however, very rare in North German}. According to the rule of priority we ha^•e 



to deal with this species under its oldest name. Croceus is most likely a local form of elecfo L. , which is 



distril)uted all over Africa and descrilied already in 1763. Upperside orange-yellow, the marginal l)and broad, 



traversed bj^ the yellow veins in the cT and bearing yellow spots in the ?; middle spot of forewing large, 



black, that of hindwing large, orange-red, little prominent in cf , while it is very conspicuous in ? on account 



striata, of the darkened hindwin^. Underside with the ordinary (7o//as-markings. — In cf-ab. striata Gcest, from 



helicina. Germanj", the dark marginal band sends out rays towards the middle of the wing ; — ab. helicina Obeiih. is a 



aiibuissoni. ?-form with whitish yellow upperside; — ab. aubuissoni Caradja, from South Europe and Asia ilinor refers 



helice. to ?? in which the hindwing above is grey and liears a large deep orange middle spot ; — al). lielice Hbri. 



pyrenaica. {= hvale var. Esp.) (27a) is the ?-form with white ground-colour: — ab. pyrenaica Gr.-Grsh. is a very 



faillae. small form from the P5'renees, Andalusia, North Africa, Sicily, etc.: — ab. faillae Stcf., from Sicily, is a 



d'-forni in which all the veins are conspicuously yellow within the black marginal band right to the margin; 



poveli — ai). povel! Aign. is the name for ?? without spots l)efore the distal margin; — al). velata Uagusu, from 



velata. Sicily, are specimens in which the lilack marginal band is shaded with greenish scaUng, "appearing covered 



caenilea. with a veil"; — ab. caerulea Verifi/ is a ?-form in which the underside is light sky-blue ('?), the upperside 



having a strong silver}" gloss (?); has been found in North-Tuscany. — Larva dark green, M"ith a white or 



redihsh, yeUow-spotted stripe above the legs, spiracles golden yellow, head blue-green; hibernates, feeding 



tiU June or July on Cytisus capitatus. Sainfoin and various species of Trefoil. Pupa green, with a yellow 



side-stripe, the wing-cases being edged with yellow and streaked with black (Spulek). The butterfly is on 



the wing at the end of August and in September in North Germany, where it is very rare, being common 



in the South, where it flies much earlier, e. g. in Algiers already early in July: the flight is remarkably fast. 



myrmidone. C. myrmidone Esp). (27 a) is so very similar to the preceding species, especially in the ?, that one 



is in doubt where to place certain specimens. The cf is on the whole somewhat deeper orange-yellow 

 than the rroceus-d', the forewing is broader, the inarsina! l)and is somewhat more denselv dusted with 



