I'M. 11. I. OS. GOLIAS. By J. Robeu. 69 



yellow and the veins traversing the same are not yellow. The ?? are on the whole of a more fiery colour 

 than the croceus ??. The underside of both sexes is more intensely coloured than in croceus. — The ?-ab. 

 flavescens Garbowaki has the ground-colour yellow, being a transition therefore towards the white S-ab. flavescens. 

 alba Styr. (=: myrmidone ab. H.-Sch.) (27a). — ab. helma Geest, white ?i with the centre of the forewing alba. 

 slightly orange-yellow. — There occur not rarety specimens with a violet sheen : ab. micans form. nov. — helma. 

 2-ab. inumbrata Schultz, ?? with the distal marginal band bearing no spots. — ?-ab. agnes Piesc is the /„„„,j/^;^ 

 form corresponding to ab. Ite/icina Oberth. of croceus. — The main-form has about the same distribution in agu^g^ 

 Europe as croceus, but it is certainly very rare in Northern Germany, if it occurs there at all. and is absent 

 from Asia. — In Bosnia and Herzegowina it is represented by the geographical form balcanica Beb. (27 a), balcanka. 

 which is larger and more deeply coloured, the ? being very variabel; the white ?-form is ab. rebeli .SV/j«m'.; rebeli. 

 ?-ab. semialba Wapier are white ?? of balcanica in which the middle of the forewing is orange-yellow. — semialba. 

 ermak Gr.-Gr.^h., presumably from the south-eastern Ural, is larger, the forewing being broader and the ermak. 

 middle spots of the underside larger. — Egg long, spindle-shaped. Larva green, with dark dorsal line and 

 pale green lateral one; till May and June on Cytisus biflorus and other species of Cytisus. At first the 

 young larva gnaws at the leaf in the middle, later it starts feeding at the edge (Spulee). Pupa green, 

 with a yellowish stripe at each side, the sides of the abdomen bearing small dark dots ; before the butterfly 

 emerges, the reddish yellow colour shines through the wing-cases. In South Germany the butterfly is on 

 the wing from the middle of July, occurring locally in great abundance. 



C. caucasica Stgr. (= myrmidone var. ? Led., aurora var. anna Gerhard) (27b), from Armenia, is caucasica. 

 larger and more deeply orange-red than myrmidone, the distal margin being more broadly black; on the 

 underside, which is similar to that of mi/rmidone, the very large central double spot of the hindwing is 

 prominent. The ? is mostly yellowish white, rarely orange-red, bearing small light submarginal spots. — 

 olga Bom., from Armenia, is presumably on aberration of caucasica; the black distal margin is broader and olga. 

 more sharply defined, and the yellow dusting more evenly distributed; the ? is hardly distinguishable from 

 aurora ; — ab. alba Riild (= olga ab. Rom.) (27 b) is the white form of the ?. alba. 



C. aurora Esj). (= sibirica Led.) (27b), from the Altai, Kentei, Amur, Ussuri and South-Eastern aurora. 

 Siberia, is a beautiful dark orange-red species. The veins are thinly black, being yellow however in the 

 black marginal band. The hindwing is somewhat dusky, being again lighter before the black distal margin; 

 the costa of the forewing is yellow, the moderately large middle spot of the forewing pale-centred, the large 

 orange-red middle spot of the hindwing contrasting with the ground. The underside of a beautiful yellow, with 

 sparse markings, the black middle spot of the forewing pale-centred, and that of the hindwing the colour 

 of mother of pearl, edged with brownish, being sometimes double. The ? has the ground-colour orange- 

 red, or yellow, or white; the white ?? are named ab. chloe Ev. ; in the marginal band there are hv\g\\i Aloe. 

 yellow spots, which are often united on the hindwing to form a band. — decolorata Stgr., from Dauria, decolorata. 

 is a lighter coloured local form. 



C. diva Gr.-Grsh. (27 b), from Amdo, is in the cf red-orange dusted with dusky, the sharply defined diva. 

 marginal band being black-grey, traversed at the apex by yellow veins, the middle spot of the forewing 

 being black and that of the hindwing yellowish red. The ground-colour of the ? is red, yellow or white, 

 the hindwing being sometimes all black except the submarginal spots and the middle spot. The underside 

 is extremely pale greenish yellow, and almost without markings. 



C. aurorina H.-Sch. (= tamara Nordm., chrysocoma Ev., chrysocome Frr.) (27b, c) occurs in the aurorina. 

 mountains of Armenia. It is one of the largest species of the genus. The upperside of the cT is dusky 

 orange -yellow, with moderately broad blackish brown marginal band which is traversed at the apex by 

 j'ellow veins, the rather large middle spot of the forewing being blackish brown and that of the hindwing 

 large and orange-red. The ground-colour of the ? is somewhat brighter red, the dark marginal band 

 bearing large yellow spots, which on the hindwing form a proximally dark-edged band, the dark marginal 

 band being obsolescent. — In libanotica Led., from Syria and Persia, both sexes have the ground-colour Ubanotica. 

 yellow. — taurica Reb. (27c), from the Gihcian Taurus, differs in the cf only in the paler underside; the ? taurica. 

 however, of which the yellow and white forms seem to be equally frequent, is further distinguished by 

 the remarkably broad yellow resp. white macular band of the hindwing, the spots posteriorly being 

 completely merged together. — heldreichi Stgr. (27c), from Greece and Morea, is smaller, darker orange, heldreiM. 

 with a slight violet sheen; the white ?-form from Morea is fountainei Aigner. — transcaspica Christ. {27 c), fountainei. 

 from Western Tura, is much less ochre -yellow in both sexes. — Flies in June and July, and does not transcaspica. 

 appear to be common. 



C. Chlorocoma Christ., from Southern Armenia (Kasikoparan), is presumably a local form of libanotica ; dilorocoma. 

 it is large, the ground-colour being greenish in the cf, white in the ?. Apparently very rare. 



C. sagartia Led. (27 d), from Persia, has the ground-colour bluish-greenish in the cf, the hls^ok sagartia. 

 marginal band of the forewing being broad and bearing yellow submarginal spots, the middle spot large; the 

 hindwing bluish white, with a rather sharply defined black marginal band, before which there is a row of 



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