70 LEPTIDIA. By J. Ruber. 



yellowish spots, the middle spot also being yellowish. The ground-colour of the ? is hghter, the submarginal 



spots larger and bluish white ; the middle spot of the hindwing yellow. The underside is yellowish in the cf, 



piillata. bluish white in the ?. — In ab. pullata Xeiihunjer the black colour is more extended, the yellowish spots there- 



dauhii. fore having almost disappeared. — c"-ab. daubii Geist has a green ground with yellow dusting: the bluish 



tint and the black marginal band of the forewing are completely absent, only the hindwing having a narrow 



lisa. marginal band. — ?-ab. lisa Geest is the white or slightly yellowish form. — C. sagaitia is not a rarity. 



wiskotti. C. wiskotti >V;//-. [21 A), from the Sarafshan district, is as beautiful as it is variable. In the nymoty- 



pical form the upperside of the & is greenish yellow with more or less orange -yellow dusting; the black 



marginal band, which occupies nearly half the wing, is traversed by the thin yellow veins, sometimes being 



strongly dusted with yellow; the hindwing, which is almost the same in colour and pattern as the forewing, 



bears a lai-ge yellowish or reddish middle spot which touches the l>lack marginal i)and. The underside is 



yellowish or greenish, there being no markings besides the black middle spot of the forewing, the white, 



reddish-edged middle spot of the hindwing and tlie rosy-red distal edge of both wings. In the 2 the upper- 



leiica. side bears more or less hght spots in the black marginal band. — ab. leuca ^V<7/•. ("27 e) is the white ^- 



separata. form. — separata Gr.-Grsh. (= seres Gr.-Grsh.) (-27 e), from South Fergana and Eastern Buchara. has the 



ground-colour of the o' greenish yellow, the 2 being golden yellow with a narrower black margin ; among 



leucotheme. this form there occurs as a $-form ab. leucotheme Gr.-Grsh. with whitish yellow ground-colour and, on the 



aurantiaca. hindwing. a marginal macular band. — aiirantiaca Sfijr. (27 e), from the same places as separata, has a 



dirysoptera. golden yellow ground-colour in tlie d' and narrower black distal margin. — chrysoptera Gr.-Grsh., from 



draconis. the North-Western Pamir, is smaller, both sexes being golden yellow. draconis Gr.-Grsh. (27 dt. from the 



sagina. south-west side of the Issyk-kul, is a larger form than chri/sojitcra. — sagina Aast.. from Eastern Buchara, 



alexandra. is snuiller, below more green and spotted witli black. — alexandra Sfiji: i. 1., from the Alexander IMts., 



is intermediate between chrysoptera and aurantiaca; the veins are sulphur-yellow also in the orange portion 



of the wing. — C. wiskotti is common . but difficult to catch , flying very rapidly and persistently up and 



down the steep mountains of its home, rarely settling to rest : only durintj the cooler hours of the morning 



is it possible to obtain the insect. 



23. Genus: £<eptidia Bim.. V.'ood -Whites. 



The main characteristics of this genus, which stands quite isolated among the Palaearctic Pierids, 

 are the very small cell of both wings, only measuring about one-fourth of the length of the wings, and the 

 position of the subcostal nervule of the hindwing. tliis vein branching off far beyond the apex of the cell. 

 The latter character, as well as the position of the subcostals and radials of the forewing prove the close 

 relationship of this genus with the South -American genus Dismorphia Hbn. Leptidia is purely Palaearctic. 

 North -America presumably was formerly inhabited by forms allied to both these genera. The species of 

 Leptidia appear in two broods, Tlie butterflies are especially met with at the borders of woods and on 

 meadows in the woods, their flight being slow and unsteady. The larvae are slender, tapering at both ends, 

 and short -hairy, feeding on Papilionaceae, especially Vetch and Lotus. The pupa is elongate, angular, and slender, 



sinapis. L. sinapis L. {= sartha Riihl) (27 f). Upperside white, with black apical spot, which is absent from 



the 2; underside feebly yellowish white, with shadowy darker apex to the forewing and similar markings in 

 lathyri. the middle of the hindwing : summer-form. — The spring-form lathyri Hbn. i 27 f ) has dark green markings 

 sartha. on the underside of the hindwing. — ab. sartha Biiht has the underside of the hindwing yellowish. — In 

 subgrisea. ab. subgrisca stgr. the underside of the hindwing is neither greenish noi- yellowish, but grey. — ab. 

 erysimi. erysimi Borkh. is white above and below. Occurs throughout the distribution-area except the Arctic Region. — 

 diniensis. The summer-form occurring in South-Europe, Asia Minor and Syria, is diniensis Boisd. (27f), the underside 

 major, of which is entirely white, — In Croation Abnost Grund has found the following forms: ab. major Griiiid 

 (27 f), a large form of the summer-brood, the underside being white, with a yellowish tint only towards 

 croatica. \\\e edges: ab. croatica Grund (27 f), a form of the spring-brood, the black apical patch being separated 

 flavescens. into sti'ipes; and ab. flavescens Grund, a summer-form with the upperside feebly yellow. — In China 

 sinensis. (Shanghai) there occurs sinensis Btlr. (not known to us in natural: wings longer than in sinapis, fringes 

 reddish brown; forewing dusky at the base, costa and apex reddish brown, a large, ovate, black subapical 

 patch; underside white, fringes as above, anterior part of costal edge and the apex ochre -jellow, the centre 

 of the wing and a large subapical patch greyish green, a white spot on the upper disco-cellular. Is perhaps 

 a form of amnrensis. — The butterfly does not occur everywhere, but is usually not rare at its flight- 

 places. Egg yellowish white , cylindrical , ribbed longitudinally , very long. Larva green , with a bright- 

 yellow longitudinal stripe above the legs: feeds on Lotus, Lathyrus, and various species of Vetch. Pupa 

 ochreous, with a reddish yellow lateral stripe, within which the spiracles appear as white dots; wing-cases 

 striped with leddish brown (Spcler). 



amurensis L. amurensis 3/r'«. (27 g), from the Amur, North China and Japan, is especially characterised b}- 



the elongate forewing. The upperside is white, the d" having a larger blackish subapical patch, which is 



