RHAPHICERA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 87 



without distinctly white or pale yellow bands; moupiiwiwis is distinguished from </i(rci by the shorter tail and 

 the darker colour of the wings. The largest Palaearctic form; singly at Chang-Yang, Omei-shan (Museum 

 Tring) and other places in West China. 



Z. albolineata I'oitj. {— andersoni Poh/.) (32a). This species, which is not rare almost at the whole course albolineata. 

 of the Yang-tse, has been received from Capt. Jankowski from I-chang. It is olive-brown above; about 5 mm 

 from the margin there is an even bantl which hardly contrasts with the ground-colour and converges towards 

 the anal angle with a second one which extends from the costa backwards. These bands are nothing Init 

 the creamy satiny bands of the underside shining through above ; they are so characteristic that is sufficient 

 to refer to the figure. The insect can only be confounded with aiidersoni Atkinx. which only occurs how- 

 ever in South China (Yunnan) and Upper Birma, and is distinguished by the bands of the underside having 

 a more vivid silvery gloss. 



Z. argentata Leech (32a). Similar to the preceding, smaller, the bands on the underside of the argentata. 

 hiiidwing vividly silvery, more strongly shining through above, the discal band of the hindwing only reaching 

 to the median veins, the median nervure and its branches silvery white; ground-colour of upperside more 

 reddish brown. — In June, July and August, in mountainous districts of West China, up to 7000 ft, not rare. 



Z. luteofasciata r<mj. (32 e). In colour of the upperside and size similar to the preceding insect; lutcofasciata. 

 init the bands of the underside yellowish with a slight sheen, never silvery. The forewing beneath bears 

 a second shorter band proximally to the light cell-band, and the discal band of the hindwing beneath is 

 replaced by a net-work of yellowish lines, which partly are situated along the median nervure and its 

 branches. Abbe David discovered this species at Mupin in West China, Pou.tabe described it and Obekthitr 

 gave a figure of it; Leech considers it local, as his collectors did not meet with it at Mupin. Not known 

 to me in nature. 



Z. jalaurida Kkvp. (32 c). Similar to anjeiitata, but the ground-colour olive-brown above and beneatli. jaUumda. 

 On the underside the middle band is a regular band only from the costa to the median nervure, Ijeing 

 continued by 3 dull white square spots. — Very plentiful at highter altitudes in the Himalaya, sometimes 

 on the wing in large numbers after dusk or on rainy days; rarer and more local in the Palaearctic fauna 

 (West China). The butterfly has a predilection for resting on the branches of the bamboo-fences which in 

 China take the place of walls as borders of the yards and fields , and also on rocks. The somewhat more 

 hiterrupted silvery markings which Leech considers to be characteristic for Palaearctic specimens, are also 

 met with in single specimens from Sikkim. 



Z. gracilis Ohcrth. (32 b). Similar to the [)receding; the light cell-spot of the underside of the iov&- gracilis. 

 wing does not shine through above as in julmirhla , and the discal band of the hindwing beneath is nuich 

 broader and not silvery white, but yellowish-grey; the hindwing is regidarly dentate, without the sharp 

 tooth situated in the centre of the distal margin in Jalaurida. — The cfcf not rare in West China and Tibet, 

 Maj' to Jul}', in mountain-districts, up to 9000 feet according to Leech. 



Z. helle Leech (32b). This species, the previous and the two following ones are above not distin- lielte. 

 guishable, reseml)ling one another also beneath. In hel/e the white discal band of the forewing foims an even 

 curve; there are as a rule 2 ocelli below the white apical spot and the small transverse band runs very 

 obliquely across the cell; fringes chequered. — Widely distribued and common in West China, occurring as 

 high as 9000 feet, from June to August. 



Z. armandina Olirrth. (32b). There are hardly ever ocelli below tlie white apical spot on the under- armandimi. 

 side of the forewing, or thej' are only feebly marked; the discal band is more straight, the white cell-spot 

 is more transverse, i. e. is at right angles to the central line of the cell; the fringes of the forewing are 

 not distinctly chequered. — In West China, not rare from May to August, at altitudes of from 4~ 8000 ft. 



Z. procne Leech (32 b). More variegated on both sides than the previous forms. The markings oi procne. 

 the underside shine through more strongly above; the discal band of the forewing beneath composed of 

 white square spots is somewhat more irregularly curved; the distal band on the underside of the hindwing 

 commences broad at the costa, being here whitish, and posteriorly becomes more and more broken up by 

 being intermixed with greyish brown spots. — Common in West China, from May to August, flying at the 

 same places as hvlle. 



6. Genus: Rliapliicera Btlr. 



Antennae moderately long, reaching to the middle of the forewing, gradually incrassate, with feeble 

 club. Palpi strongly projecting, densely and regularly hairy like a brush. Ejes hairy. Thorax densely 

 hairy. Abdomen thin. Hindwing with the margin feebly scalloped or even cpiite smooth, the centie not 

 distinctly projecting; neuration not essentially difterent from that of Lethe. 



Medium-sized Satyrids which are marked with yellow and black above and show affinities to the 

 genus Neoj)c, although they strongly resemble in outward appearance the Australian genus Hcferonijmpha. 



