NEORINA; NEOPE. By Dr. A. Seitj^. 89 



31. Icila is one uf flit; must widely distributed buttertlies; however, it all but reaches the Palaearctic 

 Region. Though yet abundant in the Punjab, it is already rare in Southern Kashmir. In Japan ledu only 

 occurs in the extreme south, being here rare (Pryer); it is found singly in Corea and at the whole Yang- 

 tse-kiang. - Larva grass -green with a yellow latei-al stripe and thin longitudinal lines of light dots; the 

 head with two somewhat thorny horns, pale green with 3 black spots on the face, or brown with 3 white 

 spots. On Gramineae. Pupa obtuse, dorsally constricted, short, pale green, resembling in shape the pupa 

 of EuphHui. 



M. amva Moore. An Indian form ; larger than the pieceding, much more constant, seasonally as well 

 as individually. It extends into the Palaearctic Region in Southern Kashmir and in West China: tristis Fldr. tristis. 

 On upperside very dark and uniformly blackish brown, the ? bearing diffuse white-centred ocelli; beneath 

 very finely striolated with fuscous on a brown ground, dark curved lines running from the costa to the 

 abdominal margin. Among Palaearctic ?? there occurs occasionally the form suyudana Moore, which is suyudana. 

 more frequent in India; there is only one white pupil on the forewing above, and the underside has before 

 the apex a large pale triangular spot which is bordered proximally by the oblique discal stripe. At once 

 ilistinguished from leda by the shape of the wings. — In June and July, not abundant. 



8. Genre: ]¥«oriua Westw. 



Very large buttertlies whose hindwing bears a distal marginal tooth; dark brown alx.ve, with a band 

 of yellowish bone-colour; beneath with large ocelli on the hindwing. The forewing is not produced into a 

 point below the apex, as in Mclanifis ??. It is characteristic for all species of Nrorina that the ivory yellow 

 band of the forewing does not terminate at the inner angle, but is continued on to the apex of the hind- 

 wing. 4 Indian and I Palaearctic species are known. The Neorina are forest-buttertlies, which are concealed 

 among leaves in day-time. When disturbed they tly rather fast a few yards with a flapping flight, but are 

 easily caught when sitting on the ground. They occur singly. Nothing is known of their early stages. 



N. patria Leccli (32 d). Perhaps only a form of the Indian N. Iiilda M'e.'^fw. Forewing with a broad patrhi. 

 whitish yellow oblique band; the heavily black cross-vein almost in the middle of the band, the distal portion 

 of the cell being entirely whitish yellow. Dilfers therein from the otherwise similar /li/da from India, in 

 which only the extreme upper corner of the cell is situated inside the light band. Near the apex of the 

 forewing a small white dot. — At Omei-shan and Jlupin in West China. 



9. Genre: Xeope Btlr. 



Antenna of medium length, only a little incrassate at the apex; palpi rather long, erect; the forewing 

 triangular, the distal margin being somewhat concave, especially in the o'er'. The veins arranged as in Ldlic, 

 thick and distinct, often i)ale on a dark ground, but not really inflated. The abundantly variegated under- 

 side is characteristic for the genus, bearing various kinds of figures, dentate lines and spots, besides a sub- 

 marginal row of ocelli present on both wings. The upperside is brown, being dotted in most species with 

 numerous small white or yellow spots. 



The Neopr are large, of a stout and strong built. They are so closely allied to Lrflie that is has 

 recently been proposed to reunite them with that genus. Their area of distribution is restricted to the 

 Himalaya and its eastern branches. They occur from Kashmir to Japan, but not in the plains. They tly at 

 dusk, also in day-time when disturbed, resting motionless on walls and trunks of trees. The wings are 

 always closed above the back at rest, the forewings lying in between the hindwings, the insect being well 

 protected by its underside resembling holders and mortar. They have two broods and appear usually in 

 great abundance where they occur, being met with in large numbers in the gardens of the towns, where 

 one can find them in the early morning low down on the walls. If once flushed, they always fly upwards, 

 settling on trunks or rocks, often so high that they are beyond reach. They are the commonest l)utterthes 

 in September, f. i. in the suburban gardens of Tokio. I caught 42 specimens within one hour on the Bluff 

 near Yokohama. The sexes are equally abundant. 



A'. f/(mia Mucre. This common species of the Indian Himalayan countries is represented in the 

 Palaearctic district of Eastern Asia by the form serica Lark (33 a). Blackish brown above, with two small serica. 

 white costal dots, and hardly visible black dots before the margin corresponding to the ocelli of the under- 

 side; beneath olivaceous grey-brown with pale reticulate markings and ocelli. In name-typical i/cnna those 

 submarginal dots are more distinct and the ground-colour of the underside is more reddish-brownj the wings 

 too not being so pointed as in serica. In Central and West China, on the Yang-tse-kiang, common, in 

 April and again in August and September, at altitudes of from 5 — 10 000 ft. 



