Puht. 22. VI. 08. CALLEREBIA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 93 



Y. ciris Leech (= clinia Oberth.) (34 d). Tlie ocellus of the forewing, as in the preceding species, ciris. 

 large and oblique, but the hindwing beneath with more than 3 oceUi; the ocellus at the apex of the hind- 

 wing mostly with 2 pupils. — Widely distributed over West China, occurring up to 10000 feet, in July 

 and August; dmoides Oberth. may be a southern (non-Palaearctic) form of this species. 



Y. sakra Moore (34 e). Forewing beneath with the usual, nearly circular, double-pupilled apical sakra. 

 ocellus. The hindwing bears on the underside 3 ocelh before the anal portion of the distal margin and an 

 8-shaped double ocellus before the apex. In Kashmir as well as several Indian Himalayan countries, up to 

 8000 ft., locally very plentiful, in April and May. — ab. nikaea Moore is a darker form, which also is nikaea. 

 usually smaller, the yellow edge of the S-shajied spot before the apex of the hindwing being absent. This 

 aberration is the commoner form in the western Himalayas, while in the eastern Himalayan districts the 

 nymotypical sakra is prevalent. 



Y. methorina Oberth. (34 e). The apical ocellus on the underside of the forewing very broadly metlwrina. 

 edged with yellow ; the hindwing beneath with 5 ocelli arranged in two groups , 2 ocelli being placed in 

 the costal portion of the hindwing, while 3 are situated in the anal portion. The striation of the underside 

 rather coarse. In mo.st specimens a hght band runs through the gap in the row of ocelli on the hindwing 

 beneath, this band however is absent from Oderthur's tigure, while Leech regards it to be characteristic. — 

 In ab. medusa Leech the yellow margin of the apical ocellus of the forewing is more restricted on both medusa. 

 sides, and the striation of the underside is finer. Of wide distribution in West China, in some places 

 represented only by the first form , in others bj' the second , while in certain locahties , f. i. Wa-shan and 

 Huang-mu-tsang, both forms fly together. 



Y. conjuncta Leech (34 e). The largest Ypthhna. Underside very similar to that of methorina, but conjunrta. 

 the apical ocellus larger and still more broadly margined with yellow; the two ocelli situated before the 

 apex of the hindwing united and 8-shaped, both being flattened; the 3 ocelli placed in the anal half 

 touching each other with their yellow margins. The cf appears to have only one pupil in the apical 

 ocellus of the forewing beneath, but there is above mostly also a second one placed excentrically in or at 

 the yellow ring. — Central and West China, common. 



Besides the 30 forms of Ypthimu enumerated there are quite a number of others which very closely 

 approach the Palaearctic Region, f i. }". bulanicu from Beluchistan, }'. indecoru, etc. We have, however, 

 confined ourselves to those forms which are already known to occur on Palaearctic soil. 



11. Genus: CaUerebia Bth: 



Butterflies of medium or large size, the upperside being of a uniform dark brown colour and bearing 

 on the forewing a large double-pupilled ocellus. The body slender as compared with the very broad wings, 

 the head especially being very small. The eyes are very prominent, the palpi long and porrect, and the 

 antennae very delicate. The subcostal nervure of the forewing is inflated as far as about the middle of 

 the cell, which is especially plainly visible on the underside. The genus differs from ipthima by the often 

 considerable size of the species ; the underside of the hindwing moreover never has a complete row of 

 ocelli, but is often clouded, not being so regularly striated as in Ypthma. The genus agrees so closel.y 

 with Erebia that recent authors have given up separating them. The two genera are said to be distinguished 

 from one another by the antennae of (.'allerebia being more slender and the anal angle of the hindwing of 

 many species being produced into a kind of lobe, as well as by the wings having a greater width. Fresh 

 live specimens have a magnificent deep blue sheen on the wings. 



With a single exception all the species of CaUerebia occur in the mountain ranges of the Himalayas, 

 especially in the western and northern chains, so that the genus is essentially Palaearctic. Most species 

 are inhabitants of Kashmir and the adjacent Himalayan valleys, occurring more in the hills than on the 

 high mountains. They fly in day-time, but mostly in the deep shade of the woods, their flight being 

 weak and jerky; and they settle on bushes or on the ground with the wings closed. 



C. annada. The anal ocellus exactly the same above and below, having a double blue-white pu])il 

 and being broadly edged with orange. The hindwing beneath darker in the basal half and in the distal 

 area, being centrally paler with whitish scaling. The species is well characterized by the very strongly 

 rounded apex of the forewing and the strongly projecting anal lobe of the hindwing. Occurs in cpiite a 

 number of races from Kashmir to the interior of China, the forms being in part geographically separated, 

 and in part flying together. — In the name-typical annada Moore (35a), from Kashmir, the disc of the annada. 

 forewing beneath is dusted with russet. — In orixa Moore (34f), from the northern slopes of the Himalaya, orixa. 

 the disc is more olivaceous brown; the hindwing beneath is darkened in the basal half by dense brown 

 striation and, distally to the brown and severally dentate discal line, broadly powdered with white; in 

 Chinese specimens of orixa the ground-colour has a reddish tint. — polyphemus Oliertli. (34 f) is by fav polypfwnws. 

 the largest form of the whole genus, being easily recognized by the size alone; the upperside of the fore- 



I 12 



