EREBIA. By G. Eiffinger. 99 



namely: a small one at the costal margin, followed by a large one which is somewhat more proximal and is 

 composed of 2, and l)elow this two somewhat smaller spots which are more rounded than the others. The 

 spot placed at the hindraargin is either ver}' small or entirely absent. It happens also that all the spots 

 are so enlarged and united as to form a broad, irregular, yellow band. On the hind wing, parallel to the 

 distal margin, there is a row of 5 — 6 yellow spots which are of nearly the same size and of which tlie 

 two situated at the inner margin are usually united. The forewing is somewhat lighter beneath, the markings 

 Iteing the same as above. On the underside of the hindwing the yellow spots are somewhat smaller than 

 al)ove, tiiere being small l^lack dots in some of them. Proximally to the spots there is a white band which 

 is somewliat dentate distallj-, being now and again separated into white spots. The cell bears sometimes a 

 small white spot. In tlie Ala-tau. — laeta Sfyr. (36 f), which occurs in the northern Tian-shan, has onl}' Inein. 

 4 spots on the forewing above, the upper two being united and somewhat more proximal, while the other 

 two are nearer the distal margin and parallel with the same. Tlie spots of the hindwing as in tiiraiiira. 

 Beneath both wings are finely dusted with grey-yellow. The white spot in the cell of the hindwing is 

 mostly absent in the cf, being nearly always present in the ?. — In the form tristis Gr.-Grsh. the spots of tn'stis. 

 the upperside are dai-ker, more brown, the white band on the underside of the hindwing absent. From the 

 higher altitudes of the Tian-shan. — jucunda Piiiifi. (36 f, g) is the largest and most conspicuous of the junmda. 

 Iiiraiiica-i'ovmfi. The brownish jellow spots are bright and light, those on the forewing being large and 

 often continent, the last one sometimes absent, sometimes well developed, the spots of the hindwing propor- 

 tionately small. Hindwing beneath with a continuous white band. In the Tian-shan district, north of Korla. 



E. matito E'ij}. (= erina F., pyrrha F., oeme var. Esp.) (36 g). The russet band of the forewing manto. 

 consists mostly only of oval spots , in which there are 2 — 3 black dots. The hindwing has often , l)ut not 

 always, some russet-red small obsolescent spots. The underside is brown in the cf, the band of the fore- 

 wing being more prominent and better defined than above, and is often continuous. The band of the hind- 

 wing consists of some russet-red spots, which bear occasionally some black dots. The ? is visibly ligliter 

 beneatli, the centi'al area of the forewing being brownish, the fore and distal margins as well as the hind- 

 wing densely dusted with yellowish grej". At the base of the hindwing there are a number of ochreous 

 spots, moreover some yellow spots extend from the costal margin to below the apex of the cell, sometimes 

 merged together to a liroader al)breviated l)and, there being often some smaller additional spots near them 

 forming a row which is parallel with the distal margin. Fringes in the o"' somewhat lighter than the ground- 

 colour, in the ? gre}'. The species distributed over the whole chain of the Alps , being plentiful in many 

 places; it occurs on grassy slopes of the alpine and subalpine districts; also on the mountains of the Auvergne 

 and in the Pj'renees, as well as on tlie mountains of Hungary. — In ab. bubastis Meisxv. (= pyrrha macca- hubastis. 

 baeus Fry.) from the northern Central Alps the hindwing beneath iiears a white band: tlie fringes are dark- 

 chequered. — all. caecilia Ubii. (36 g), which is aliove uniformly black-brown without spots, occurs m caecilia. 

 Switzerland and the I'yrol among the name-typical form, but is rare. — A similar form with the ground- 

 colour more greyish lirown but also without markings, flies in the l\yrenees; this is constans Khrex (= caecilia constans. 

 Ditp) (36 g). — In the Swiss and Tyrolese Alps, high above the free-line, there flies a very small form, 

 pyrrhula Frcij (36 h), which is scarcely as large as pliavfc The forewing has some small streak-like russet- pyrrlmla. 

 brown spots, in wliicli there are lint rarelj- small lilack dots. The hindwing is without markings as a rule, 

 only occasionallj' showing small lirown wedge-shaped spots. The underside as in iiitinio, Jmt the markings 

 reduced. — trajanus Thmiinz. differs from the first descrilied form chiefly on the underside. The forewing trajamis. 

 of this form is light reddish brown, Jieing dusted with yellowish grej' towards the ajiex and cosfa; tiie 

 light reddish yellow band is dentate between the veins both distally and proximally or there are feeble teeth 

 only on the proximal side, the band bearhig always two distinct ocelli in cellules 4 and 5. The hindwing 

 greenisli grey beneath, the spots of the distal band of different sizes, not being reddisii yellow as in the 

 nymotypical form, but whitish yellow, the basal spots are completely absent. Distribution-area: Bukowina. — 

 The form from the Vosges has been described as vogesiaca Clninl., the ?? being without liglit basal spots vo^esiacn. 

 on the hindwing beneath. — Larva greenish yellow, witli the head and legs honey-colour; on the back 

 2 rows of black comma-spots. Pupa yellow, with lilack markings. The butterfly emerges in 3 weeks 

 from the pupa, which lies free on the ground. The species is plentiful and is on the wing from June to August. 



E. ceto llh}i. (36 h). Ground-colour dark black-brown. The distal band, which consist of a number ceto. 

 of narrow, oval, isolated spots, is russet in the cf, reddish yellow in the ?. There are small black dots in 

 the spots, the dots l)eiiig somewliat larger in the ?. The hindwing Iiears 4 — 5 small roundish brown spots 

 with white- centred black oceUi. The lighter underside is marked like the upper. The ? above visilily 

 hghter, the russet -yellow spots and the ocelH placed in the same larger than in the d". The underside is 

 brownish grey, the spots ochreous. The ?? are exceedingly variable in pattern; the russet -yellow band of 

 the forewing is not rarely so much reduced as to even disappear, and the hindwing is often devoid of 

 every trace of the macular band. — Especially in the Southern Alps, where it is abundant; rarer and but 

 local in the Central and Northern Limestone Alps. Also on the higher mountains of South Hungary and 

 the Apennines. — phorcys Fn: (36 hj is the form from the Balcan; here the spots on the underside of the phorcys. 



