PM. -'Jk VII. OS. EREBIA. By G. Eiffinger. 101 



lighter brown and continuous. The hindwing beneath dark Ijrown in the cf, brown grey in the ?. The 



ocelli as on tlie upperside, l)ut smaller, l)eing narrowly edged with brown. Specimens from the Black 



Forest are mucii brighter coloured, the broad russet yellow band of the forewing commences near the 



costal margin of the forewing and extends to the hindmargin, remaining of nearly even width. In the 



liand there are always .3 — 5 large black white-centred ocelli, and, especially often in the ?, there is above 



tiie tirst. ocellus, towards tlie apex, an additional smaller ocellus with white pupil, this ocellus not being 



visible l)eneath. On the hindwing the brown band is as wide as on the forewing, the ocelli, 3—4 in 



number, are likewise large and have conspicuous white pupils. — The form pyrenaica h'iih/, which is pyrenaica. 



found in the Western Pyrenees in June, differs from the first-described form onl}- in the reduction of the 



red colour. — in ab. valesiaca Elw., which occurs in Wallis as well on the Simplon, and even in the Pyrenees, valesiaca. 



tiie russet-red is effaced in the ? except for faint traces, lieing altogether absent from the cf. — stijunc 



occurs in the Black Forest and the Thuringian Forest, the ,Tura, Alps, Vosges, the Pyrenees, and Apennines 



and extends eastwards to Armenia; in .June and July; the butterfly begins to appear already below 3000 ft. 



and goes rarely above the tree-line. 



E. evias God. (= bonellii Hhn.) (3.5 g). Alwa3S somewhat larger than the preceding: the upperside cii/as. 

 of the wings dark black-brown , the forewing with a russet-red or reddish yellow transverse band bearing 

 5 white-centred black ocelli of different sizes, 3 of them standing near the costa and being united, while 

 the 2 others stand further back and are somewhat smaller. The band of the hindwing consists of 4—5 

 oval brown spots, each bearing a white-centred black ocellus. The forewing beneath is similarly marked 

 as above, the hindwing of the o"" being black, thinly dusted with grej-, and bearing a more or less dark 

 median band which is somewhat excurved between the veins. In the lighter discal margin there are 3—5 

 white-pupilled black ocelli. The ? is brownish grey beneath, costal and distal margins of the forewing 

 marmorated with grey and brown like the hindwing, the median band of the latter being more prominent 

 than in the (f. — The smaller form from the Pyrenees, pyrenaica ^tgi-., has the underside more strongly /n'/w((7/frt. 

 marked, the russet-red band is narrower and the ocelli are absent or strongly reduced. — The form hispanica Mspanica. 

 Zap. (37 a) is somewhat smaller, the transverse band being lighter in both sexes, the ocelli smaller, and the 

 upper 3 ocelli in the band of the forewing moreover are not united as in nymotypical erias, but stand 

 separated one below the other. — The species appears already the middle of May in warmer localities, 

 flying from June to August at higher altitudes, and occurs on grassy slopes; plentiful in most f!ight-])laces. 

 The insect is found in the Pyrenees, the lower Alps of Southern France, in Wallis and the Southern Tyrol. 



E. hewitsoni Led. The broad russet-red band of the forewing gradually narrows towards the hind- hewitsoni. 

 margin and ends close to the latter. It bears anteriorly 3 large white-centred ocelH, which are usually 

 confluent, being rarely separated, and ai-e followed towards the hindmargin by 2—3 small ocelli feebly dotted 

 with white. The russet-red band is continued on to the hindwing, bearing 4 — 5 white-centred ocelli of 

 equal size. The markings on the forewing l)eneatli are as above. The hindwing beneath is dark brown 

 from the base to the middle, being feebl\- dusted with grey, the outer margin being lighter and bearing 

 5 — 6 white-centred black ocelli which are narrowly edged with brown. — In June and July in Armenia 

 and Northern Persia. 



E. nerine Frv. (= goante !f.-Sch('i/f.) (37 a, b). The upperside dark black-brown with slight gloss, nerine. 

 The red-brown transverse band of the forewing is posteriorly interrupted by the veins, forming 3 — 4 basally 

 somewhat pointed spots; sometimes the band is continuous, which is nearly always the case in the cf. 

 There are 2 white-centred black ocelli anteriorly in the band. The band is interrupted by the veins on 

 the liindwing and bears 3 smaller ocelli. The forewing beneath bright russet-i'ed, darker towards the base, 

 the costal and distal margins being black-brown: the ocelli as above. The hindwing beneath dark brown 

 as far as the centre, this area being bordered by a whitish grey narrow band which is somewhat sinuate 

 near its centre; the ocelli in the lighter distal area are mostly indicated by small black-bordered white 

 dots, which are sometimes absent. The ground-colour of the ? is lighter, the band of the forewing broader 

 and russet-yellow, the 2 eyes at the apex larger and usually confluent , there being often two additional 

 smaller ocelli towards the hindmargin. The ocelli placed in the band of the hindwing are also larger and 

 liave conspicuous white pupils. The forewing beneath is light russet-yellow, darkened towards the base, 

 the costal and distal margins gre^y-brown, the apex dusted with white-grej'. The hindwing beneath white- 

 grej', irrorated with brown atoms; the white-grey band, which limits the dark basal area, contrasts distinctly. 

 The fringes chequered in the ?, the distal margin of the hindwing slightly dentate. In the Central and 

 Soutliern Alps, northward to the Fern Pass and Scharnitz Valley. — reichlini Jl.-Sc/idff'. (= styx /''rr.), reidiUni. 

 from the Bavarian Alps, Reichenhall and the Glockner district, is usually somewhat larger than the first 

 described form. The band of the forewing is strongly reduced. The hindwing with 3 small oceUi in russet- 

 red spots. — italica Frc//, from the Alps of Wallis and North Italj', is a transition from nvr'nie towards italica. 

 mcJdiiii. — In stelviana Cuni, from Bornn'o, the red band of the forewing is continuous, the underside stelviana. 

 devoid of ocelli, being paler and basally but indistinctly dusted with white. — morula A's//., from [\\q morula. 

 southern slopes of the Eastern Alps, is smaller and darker, the ocelh are but faintly ringed with reddish 



I 13 



