108 



EREBIA. Bv G. Eiffinger. 



on the forewing al)ove l)ut 2 small oval brown spots as remnants of the distal band, without eye-dots. 

 jeniseiensis. The hindwing usually without markings or Ijearing but faint traces of russet-browni spots. — jeniseiensis 

 Tri/bom {= velox Herz), distributed in Central and North-East Siberia, is a form in which the lilaclv dots 

 are thinly edged with russet -yellow. The hindwing above is mostly without markings, bearing beneath a 

 narrow white i)and. — Larva light jellow-brown, with light brown head, white-edged dark dorsal line and 

 yellow subdorsal ones, and a yellow side-stripe; the spiracles black. Till June on grasses. Pupa yellowish, 

 with dark dots and streaks; free on the ground. The buttertly in July and August on clearings in the 

 woods of the mountain -and especially the subalpine i-egion. The nymotypical form occurs in the high 

 mountains of Europe: the Pyrenees, Alps, Apennines, Carpathians and Balcan; the \arietal forms distributed 

 northward to Finland and eastwards to East Siberia. 



ligea. E. ligea L. (— alexis Esp.) (37 g). Similar to eHniali', but essentially larger. The upperside dark 



blackish brown, the hindwing being visibly dentate, and the fringes chequered brown and white. The 

 russet or bright russet -yellow distal band is either of equal width throughout or constricted in the centre 

 ond narrowed posteriori}-. The band contains usually 4, rareh' 5, black ocelli, of which the first 2 are 

 close together and nearly always have white pupils. Sometimes — especially often in the cf, more rarely 

 in the ? — all the ocelli have small white pupils. In the somewhat narrower band of the hindwing there 

 are 3—4 white-centred ocelli. Both sexes vary very much in the aspect of the bands and the number of 

 ocelli. The forewing beneath black-brown in the cf, with the distal margin somewhat lighter, grey-brown 

 in the ?, with the costal margin dusted with white-grey above the band. On the underside of the liind- 

 wing there are in the but little bghter distal band 3 — 4 small white -centred ocelli with russet-yellow rings. 

 At the middle of the costal margin there is a milky white spot, which is often prolonged ])and-like as far 

 as the centre of the wing, becoming gradually narrower. The basal area is dusted with grey, being 

 externally here and there limited by some whitish grey spots ; the distal band likewise whitish grey, being 

 more or less dusted with brown ; the ocelli situated in the band either small , minutely white-centred and 

 very faintly bordered with russet -yellow, or as large as above and placed in broad russet -j'ellow rings. — 

 adyte. adyte IUm. (37 g) is a smaller form which deviates towards euri/alc ; the distal band of the forewing being 

 narrower, sometimes interrupted and the 2 contiguous eyes in the costal part of the band alwajs white- 

 centred. The band of the hindwing is likewise narrower and often separated into spots. In Switzerland, 

 livonica. Silesia, Carinthia and Scandinavia. — In livonica Teich, from Livonia and Finland, the hindwing beneath 

 ajiirwnsis. is uniforml}' brown, without white scaling or whitish gre}' markings. — ajanensis Mi^n. (= eumonia Mnt.) 

 (37 g), from the Amur and Ussuri, differs but little from the nymotypical form. The white band on the 

 hindwing beneath is broader and more continuous, there being some obsolescent white spots near the base, 

 which are occasionally also found in the nymotypical ligrd. In the Bukovina there occur specimens which 

 have the upperside of nymotypical Hcfeu and the underside of ojanensis. — Larva similar to that of eiinjalc, 

 greyish 3-ellow, with the head but little darker and bearing 2 whitish streaks; the dark dorsal line bordered 

 with light: the side-line light; the spiracles black; till May on grasses. Pupa light brown, with dark 

 markings, free on the ground. The butterfly flies in July and August in open woods of deciduous trees and 

 are fond of sucking at the flowers of black berries. In many districts the buttertly appears but ever}- 

 other year, but is then plentiful. It occurs nearly throughout the mountainous regions of Germany: the 

 Hai'z, Black Forest, Vosges, the mountains of Silesia as well as the hill-districts of North Germany; further 

 in Italy in the Abruzzi and Apennines, in France in the Basses Alps etc., also in the Carpathians, the 

 Balcan, and the whole of Scandina\ia. In Russia and Scandinavia it is also found in the plains; in Asia in 

 the Caucasus, North Siberia, and Mongolia. 



E. embla Tlinnb. (= dioxippe Hhii.) (37 h). Dark grey- brown above, the hindwing being feebly 

 dentate and the fringes chequered brown and grey. The forewing bears 3 black eye -spots in brown- 

 yellow rings, the anterior one lieing largest and having mostly 2 white pupils, while the 2 posterior ones 

 are shifted distad and are small, black, and without ]Hipils. There are on the hindwing mostly 3 — 4 black 

 ocelli which are bordered with brown -yellow, have no pupils and are sometimes absent. The forewing 

 beneath somewhat dai'ker than above, the apex and part of the distal margin being dusted with ashj' 

 gre3\ The ocelli ai-e not brown -yellow, but light with ochre -yellow ring, these more jn'ominent than aliove. 

 The hindwing jjeneath densel}- dusted with white-grej', bearing a more or less prominent, brown, distally 

 somewhat dentate, median band, at the outside of which there is sometimes a larger, somewhat diffuse, grey 

 costal spot and usually a small white central one. Before the distal margin there are some black dots, 

 which are here and there narrowly edged with yellow. In Scandinavia , North Russia and Siberia. — ab. 

 succulenta A/^^h. is lighter above than the nymotypical I'mhla, with more numerous and larger black eye- 

 spots, which moi-eover are broadly ringed with brown -yellow. In Kamtchatka and Mongolia; in Europe 

 occasional specimen among the nymotypical form of emblci. — unicolor Spiilcr is the form occurring in 

 Lapponia; it is uniformly black-brown, the ocelli of the forewing being absent except the upper 2, which 

 are faintly edged with red or not at all. — Nothing is known of the larva. The form ('iid>/ii flies on the 

 northern moors; succideiitd according to Elwes in the woods, apparently nowhere in abundance. 



embla. 



succulenta. 



unicolor 



