EREBIA. By G. Eiffinger. 113 



lateral macular lines and the spiracles black. Feeds on grass, and contracts like a slug when being touched. 

 In May it changes into an oi)tuse pufta, which lies free on tlie ground and has the anterior part of the 

 bodjf green and tlie abdomen brownish. The bxitterth' appears according to altitude either in June or 

 August. In the Alps one usually meets with it only from the tree-line up to the snow. It tlies especially 

 on stony sloi)es with a sparse covering of grass and settles by preference on the ground, visiting tlowers 

 but rai-ely. It is very shy and therefore not easy to catch. 



E. tyndarus E-^p. {^= herse BLIi., dromus F., tyndarellus llbsl.) (37 i). A widely distributed species tyndarus. 

 which is geographical!}' very variable in size, colour and markings. The wings above in the cf wdh a 

 stronger, in the ? with a duller bluish green gloss. The russet-brown band of the forewing is broad costally, 

 being narrower behind, and reaches only to the middle of the wing. Towards the apex of the wing there 

 are two small white-centred ocelli or two black dots instead. The hindwing either entirely black-brown, or 

 there are in the marginal area 3 minute black dots situated in small round red-brown spots. The forewing 

 red-brown, in the ? red-yellow, with the costal and distal margins darker and the latter dusted with ashy 

 grey. The hindwing beneath light ash-grey, dusted with brown, with a somewhat darker dentate transverse 

 band. In tlie hghter marginal band there are sometimes some black dots, which however are mostly absent. 

 In the ? the brown dusting on the underside of the forewing is denser, the transverse band being more 

 sharply defined and more prominent. In the high mountains of South and Central Europe; the Alps, 

 Ajiennines and Carpathians. — The name cassioides Eqh (= cleo lihii., neleus Frr.) is applied to a form cassioides. 

 which occurs especially on the higher mountains of Hungary and Dalmatia and has the hindwing lighter 

 and the forewing more yellowish brown, there occurring however all transitions towards the main form. — 

 ah. COecodromus Cm. is an aberration which occurs among the nymotj'pical form especially in the Ortler coecodronms. 

 district: the wings are without ocelli and the ])and of the forewing is indistinct or diffuse or even entirely 

 absent. — In dromus H.-Srhdff'. (37 i) the band of the forewing is broader and lighter, being more reddish dromus. 

 yellow, the 2 subapical ocelli are larger, being mostly continent and l)earing liright white jiupils. The band 

 of the hindwing is always present and has 3 smaller ocelli which have nearly always white pupils. The 

 hindwing beneath ashy grey or yellowish grey, but little dusted with brown , the band being obsolete. In 

 the Western Pyrenees. — The form from the Eastern Pyi'enees, hardl}- different, is named pyrenaica by pyrenaica. 

 Ruhl-Heyne. The russet -yellow band of the forewing extends only to the 2. median vein; the 2 subapical 

 ocelli are merged together to form one which has 2 pupils. The band of the hindwing is diffuse, bearing 

 at its distal edge small white-centred ocelli. — hispania Bflr. {= nevadensis Stgr.) (37 h), from the Sierra hispania. 

 Nevada, is somewhat larger than the nymotypical tipidanis; the band of the forewing is reddish yellow in 

 the o^ and ochre-yellow in the ?, sometimes extends to the hind margin, but only in the ?, becoming mostly 

 obsolete shortly before reaching it. The 2 subapical ocelli continent, bearing 2 white pupils. On the hind- 

 wing there are sometimes vestiges of a distal band bearing obsolete black dots. The underside of the hind- 

 wing ash}' grey in the cf and densely dusted with brown, being light grey in the ? with hardly visible 

 traces of a transverse band. — altajana ^((jr., from the Armenian and Siberian high mountains, has the altajana. 

 russet-red band of the forewing very broad, the band reaching proximally to the cell and extending to the 

 hindmargin, becoming but little narrower behind. — From this form another, sibirica ^tgr. (37 i), has l)een sibirica. 

 separated, occurring in the Altai and Jlongolia; it is somewhat larger, the hindwing being mostly without 

 ocelli and witliout distinct band and being irrorated beneath with brown and grey. — dromulus N^/e. (37 i) dromuhis. 

 is simUar to the name-typical form; the band of the forewing broader, the underside of the hindwing being 

 but sparsely or not at all dusted with grey. From the eastern shores of the Black Sea. — ottomana ottomana. 

 ff.-Schaff. (37 i) is the largest of all fi/iithiriis-fovmii. Besides the 2 subapical ocelli the band of the forewing 

 has further back 2 additional small ocelli which are either feebly centred with white or are quite blind. 

 Hindwing beneath uniformly grey. From the Balcan Peninsula, Greece and Armenia, being lately often 

 sold as hulciinira. — iranica Gr.-Grsh. (37 i) is often smaller than the nymotypical form, tlie band of the iranica. 

 fore- and hindwing being rather bright russet-red. The suliapical ocelli of the forewing are large and 

 bear bright white pupils. From North Persia. 



Whereas many of the forms here enumerated are connected by transitions, some others are still 

 supposed to be separate species, a question which can perhaps onl}- be solved with certainty when the 

 early stages become known. These however are known only of the name-typical form (from the Alps). 

 The larva of fi/m/anin is brown-gre}' with 5 dark longitudinal lines on the back ; above the black spiracles 

 there is likewise a longitudinal line formed of dark spots and beneath it another, darker and continuous 

 side-stripe. Head dark brown with a light line on the face, tlie mouth being black (Griebel). Till July 

 on grasses. The butterflies occur in July and August on alpine meadows and sunny slopes; the}' have a 

 hopping tlight and like to settle with closed hindwings on boulders or the bare ground, as does liippoiui. 

 The insect is locally extremely plentiful. 



E. afer E^p. (^ afra b>(d., phegea Bkh) (37 h). Hindwing above dark black-brown. The apex and afer. 

 usually also the upper part of the distal margin dusted with grey. The forewing with 6 — 7 white-centred 

 black ocelli in reddish yellow rings; a small one is situated near the apex of the wing, then follow 2 large 



