OENEIS. By Dr. A. Skitz. llii 



anterior part deep dark brown, the abdomen being ivory yellow (Edwakds) ; the early stages of the 

 European form are not known to me. 



O. aello Hbn. (= noma Hbn., glacialis Sclirk.) (40 b, c). The largest Oenek after (the American) aello. 

 ffigas and c/iri/xtis. Above sooty brown; in the obsolescent, sometimes only vestigial, pale ochre-yellow 

 distal band there are some eye-dots, sometimes only apical or anal ocelli, sometimes complete rows of 

 occasionally pupilled spots. Beneath the hindwing and the apex of the forewing are densely pencilled with 

 dark transversely, being traversed by heavy white veins. — Only in the Alps, from 2000 to 7000 feet, 

 chiefly in rocky localities. In many places of Switzerland and the Tyrol the species flies but every second 

 year, here in the years of even number, there in the years of uneven number. In other districts it appears 

 each year, but more abundantly only every second year; in July and August. Larva yellowish brown or 

 olive-brown, with thin dark longitudinal lines on the back and a brown lateral stripe; on grasses. 



N. noma. In this species the light leather-yellow distal area of the wings contrasts shai-ply with the 

 smoky brown basal area : the fringes are conspicuously chequered. The forewing always bears eye-dots, which 

 are sometimes pupilled: 1 before the apex, 1 above the hind angle, these two being sometimes the only 

 ones, while they are sometimes conected by a row of small accessory dots. The median band on the underside 

 of the hindwing bears usually two teeth externally in its upper half, its distal edge contrasting with the light 

 distal area, while the band is almost the same in colour as the basal area. The nymotypical noma Thioth. noma. 

 (^ celaeno Hhn.) (40 c) bas an imposing row of ocelli on the forewing and at least one eye-dot on the hind- 

 Aving, placed alwve the anal angle. In ab. Hilda Qiwux. (40 c) only the apical ocellus is distinct on the fore- hilda. 

 wing. In ab. ochracea Aiirir. the forewing is almost entirely yellowish brown, ab. latnpana Aurir. has ochracea. 

 the distal band washed with russet-red distally. All these forms occur in North Europe and the western ^'"P"^"^'^- 

 districts of North Asia. — In the Altai the species is represented by the large altaica Khc (40 c, d); as altaica. 

 large as <(<Uo, darker than European specimens, the underside being much more brightly coloured; in the 

 cf moreover the scent-stripe, which is sometimes strongly reduced or even absent in nymotypical cfcf. 

 is always present below the cell, being full and dark. — In fulla AV. (40 d), from Tarbagatai, the apex of /"''"• 

 the forewing bears but one ocellus, which is reduced to a minute dot in many ??. In elsa Aust. (40 d) elsa. 

 every trace of an apical ocellus has vanished from the forewing above also in the cf , and the underside 

 bears a minute ring which in hardly perceptible with the naked eye, the entire upper surface being uni- 

 formly dark dust-grey almost without any yellow tint- vanda Aust. (40 d) is likewise an unimportant aber- vanda. 

 ration; very close to fnJla , beneath exactly like the latter, but more grey, entirely without ocelli; above 

 thinly covered with dust-grey scahng, the hindwing strongly transparent, the forewing wdth 2 quite obsoles- 

 cent eye-dots before the apex and above the hind angle. The upperside of both wings paler, the median 

 band of the hindwing beneath darker than the basal area. Scent-stripe of c/ below the cell of forewing 

 very feebly developed. The nymotypes of dsa and mnda, which we figure here, are in the Tring Jluseum. 

 — The butterflies occur singly in June at the edge of pinewoods and settle with preference on the stems 

 of larches. Fresh specimens have ahve an agreable scent, which is said to resemble the scent of roses. The 

 butterflies are rather shy and therefore difficult to catch. Elwks never saw more than 1 or 2 specimens in 

 the Altai during an excursion. 



O. dubia Elw. (40 d, e). As large as altniai. Forewing dark sooty brown, so dark as mjutta; the dnbia. 

 distal l3and vei>- regular, bright ochre-yellow, contrasting with the ground. The median band of the under- 

 side of the hindwing is more regular, not being distally produced into teeth as in the forms of norua. As Elwes, 

 moreover, found the genitalia to be different from those of noma, we keep the insect separate. — (/iibia 

 flies in July (4 weeks later than iwni(() in swampy larch-woods in the Altai, where it was obtained north 

 of the Kurai-Pass and at (Jngodai. 



O. hora (h-.-Grsli. (40 e). (Jur figure is taken from the type, a much worn specimen in the Tring hora. 

 Museum. The forewing seems to have been rather uniformly dull ochre-yellow on the upperside; before the 

 apex and above the hind angle obsolescent dots. On the hindwing the markings of the underside, the median 

 band as well as the finer pencilling and spots, strongly shine through on the upperside. The median band 

 of the hindwing beneath does not reach the costal margin, lieing elbowed and below the elbow strongly 

 constricted. The veins hardly lighter than the ground, but slightly contrtisting. Ferghana, in August. — 

 verdanda Stgr. (40 e) is very similar; the cf is very dull in colour, iiut the ? has a beautiful yellow marginal verdanda. 

 band, and the genitalia are the same as in hora, being different from those of bore (Elwes ^ The band of 

 the wings said by Staudixgeb to be characteristic for rcrdanda is inconstant. In the Tian-shan. 



O. bore Ilbn. (40 e) is very close to the preceding, but the wings above are still paler, being almost bore. 

 dust-grey ; the forewing has before the distal margin a hardly yeUowish lighter area, which is present in all 

 ?? and in most cf'cf, while on the hindwing the median band of the underside feebly shines through above. 

 Beneath the forewing is pale yellow, and the median liand of the hindwing has a white border composed 

 of a number of smear-like spots. From Norway and North Russia. Staudixgee could not specifically sepa- 

 rate from bon- tiie American form lanijetc Hbn., which we do not include among the Palaearctics. - The 



