SATYRUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 121 



coriacea ub. nor. (40 g) I designate a light ochre-yellow form from the Apple Mts. (east of Lake Baikal), coriacea. 

 which does not rarely occur among ordinarj- specimens. The wings are almost unitormly ochreous all over 

 the upperside, with a darker contrasting basal area; the forewing has only 2 ocelli, the eye-spots of the 

 iiindwing being reduced in size and sometimes also in number. On the underside the hindwing, though still 

 bearing a distinct median band, shows already an inclination of acquirung a tinely and regularly pencilled 

 clear ground. — Finally, the form walkyria Fi.rs. has only one eye-spot left on the forewing, placed bet- walkyria. 

 ween the median branches, not at the apex; on the hindwing beneath the only slightly darker basal area 

 contrasts but little with the uniformly coloured distal area; Corea, in May and June. 



O. sculda Kv. (49 g). Has almost the fades of a small inauia, but the wings above are more uni- scnldn. 

 form in colour, the basal area being less strongly darkened. The median band of the underside of the 

 hindwing contrasts much more sharply and is better defined, being sometimes edged with white on both 

 sides. Forewing usually with 2 eye-dots, hindwing sometimes with a complete row of such dots. At Kiachta. 

 in the Altai and on the upper Amur. The smaller and paler ah. pumila Stgr. (= sculda Grac.^.) (40 f) Hies P""iila. 

 among the nymotypical form, on the Amur as well as in the Altai. — In the former locality sculda is some- 

 times one of the commonest butterflies; in the Altai it is plentiful during the first half of July on grassy 

 slopes. It settles in the grass to rest and avoids rocky or boulder-strewn places; its flight is feeble and 

 only for short distances, the wings being so delicate and fragile that the specimens are soon worn (Elwes). 



15. Genus: Satyi'us Latr. 



Although this genus contains an abundance of forms and is composed of a number of groups which 

 can be separated without difficulty, we deal with them under one generic term as has been done in Stau- 

 dinger-Rebkl's catalogue. The first group, separated by Moork as Paroeneis, is a kind of transition towards 

 the preceding genus, as the name implies. The forms of KuncHsa come close to Paroeneis, being alpine 

 butterflies with often quite vestigial bands and an underside which strongly recalls that of Oeneis. The Kara- 

 iiKSK, which follow, show already obvious similarities with and transitional characters towards the western 

 Asiatic Sati/rus, of which the most imposing forms, formerly considered most typical, have received by Bctler 

 the name Aulocera. Kieby conceives the genus Safi/rus in the some sense as ourselves, but includes in it 

 under the old name Ilipparckia the species of Ajihtmtopus , which were united with Epinephele for a long 

 time, RrHL-HEYNK following suit. 



Antennae delicate, below half the length of the costa, gradually incrassate towards the apex in a 

 number of species, but in most with a thick, short, abruptly enlarged club. Eyes naked. Palpi with brush- 

 like hairs, projecting for the length of the head. Tongue strongly developed. Forelegs aborted, usually 

 strongly hairy; iniddie and hindlegs strong. Wings entire, the hindwing sometimes with the margin undu- 

 late or feebly dentate ; the forewing triangular, the costal margin being curved, the subcostal and sometimes 

 also the median strongly intlated at the base. The ground-colour is a brown which is either darkened to 

 a deep black or paled to a grey-yellow or pale yellow; the markings consist of distal bands or apical and 

 submarginal ocelli. The underside of the hindwing and the apex of the forewing beneath are of the same 

 colour, resembling the bark of trees or rocks. — Larva always completely naked, yellowish, greenish, or 

 brownish, longitudinally striped, stronglj' narrowing behind, without horns on the head, with strong anal pro- 

 cessus. It lives on grass, being concealed in day-time, hibernates and early in the summer turns into a 

 short pupa, ^\■hich tapers to a point at both ends and lies free on the ground among clumps of earth and 

 the roots of grass, the butterfly appearing in sunnner. There is only one brood. The butterflies suck at 

 flowers, but also at fallen off fruit, at dung as well as puddles on the roads, keeping the wings always 

 tightly closed when thus busy. They have a hopping and irregular, but rather fast flight, and like to settle 

 on ti-ee-trnnks and on rocks. Most species are widely distributed, varying often considerably according to 

 the various localities. Their chief territory are the Mediterranean countries, especially the north-eastern 

 districts and Anterior Asia. They are almost restricted to the Palearctic Region, only very few species extend- 

 ing, in the Himalaya, l)eyond the northern boundary of the Oriental Region. Onl>- one single species 

 reaches the Pacific coa.st. There are no true Sa/i/nis in America, the genus being there represented b\- Vnri/onis. 



S. pumilus FU/r. (42 b). This small butterfly is on both sides similar to Oeneis in markings and colour, pumilus. 

 therefore being placed into Oeneis by many authors, which has occasionally been the reason for a confusion with 

 the very different Oeiids scu/rhi pnmilu Stfp: Upperside almost yellowish brown, Avith an obsolescent ochreous 

 band across both wings and an apical spot of the same colour on the forewing. The band is interrupted by 

 the dark veins on the forewing, becoming quite indistinct towards the hind angle. Beneath the band is much 

 more prominent, being of almost even width and bordered with dark on both sides, almost white on the 

 hindwing, which is niarmorated with grey; fringes checpiered. — A form from the Chumbi valle>- (Thibet), 

 with a distinct apical ocellus, the ochre-yellow proximal area of all wings sharply contrasting with the deep 

 black-brown di.stal area, may be named bicolor l<>nn. nor. (32b). — pumilus was discovered by Stoiaczka bicolor. 

 in Kashmir at an altitude of 15000 feet, and after a long time lias been found also in Tibet, where it appears 



