122 SATYRUS. By Dr. A. .Seitz. 



to occur also onl}- at a great height. We leave the species, for which Moore has erected the genus Parocneis, 



in Saf//nis, but bring it immecUately after Oeneis. It does not appear to be plentiful. 



pu/iiearcticus. S. palaearcticus Sfcfr. (= lama AIj)h.) (41 b). Much larger, and — especially at the distal margin — 



darker; the distal band dii-ty white, straighter, separated into spots on the forewing. The underside more 



grey, the hindwing being traversed bv heavy white veins and the band of this wing being very broad in 



the centre and strongly narrowed towards the costal and abdominal margins. From the Issyk-kul, Lob-Nor, 



sikkiinensis. and other places in Central Asia, where the species must be abundant in certain localities. — sikkimensis 



Stgi: has the band of the upperside of both wings strongly brownish, the band however is very promiment on 



the darker underside, being bordered with black at both edges ; in Tibet, extending in Sikkim into the Oriental 



iole. Region. — iole Lcecli (41 a) is a still darker form, in which the ground-colour is blackish-brown, the distal 



band being only represented by some very obsolescent small spots in the disc of the wings. In Tibet and 



West China, sparse. The ?? from Amdo are paler (Leech). — All these forms have hitherto been united 



with the pi(mi/ii. -<-i'orms to a single species, the latter forms being consideied the mountain forms oi palae- 



airtinis. But as the early stages are not known, the connection cannot be proved. 



sybillina. S. sybillina Obcrth. (41b). Recalling the occidental circe. but much smaller, and the white band 



quite narrow and on the forewing separated into spots. On the underside the band is twice as wide as 

 above and contrasts strongly with the some\\hat marmorated black ground. In West Clhina, in .June and 

 In'anor. July, locally abundant. — bianor Gr.-Gish. (41a), from Amdo, ditfers above but very slightly in the band 

 being somewhat broader; the underside, however, especially on the hindwing, is conspicuously dusted ^\dth 

 white and irrorated with pale scaling, so that tlie white band is not so prominent as in the tirst described form. 



brahminus. S. brahminus Blanch, p. p. (41c). Very similar to the preceding species, but tiie white band of 



the liindwing does not reach the hindmargin as in si/biUiiia, and moreover is not so evenly curved, being 



somewhat elbowed obtusely below the apex of the cell. In nymotypical brahminus the underside of the 



hindwing is dusted with white and bears distally of the band a row of 3 — 5 irregular white spots. In 



weransr soutliern Kashmir, in June and July. — werang Li/ii</ (= veranga (att.) (41c) has an almost identical 



upperside, the band being hardlj' narrower; but the underside, especiaUy on the hindwing, is dusted and 



variegated with browai, so that true werang looks quite different from brahminus; however, all intergradations 



brah- are known. — brahminoides Mnorc has tlie ground-colour deeper black and more glossy and occurs in 



minoides. Tibet, being however more abundant in those parts of the Himalayas which belong to the Indo -Australian 



Region, to which another form, xrijlln Btlr., in entirely restricted. 



swaha. S. swaha KoU. (^ brahminus Blanch, ji. p.) (41 d). Veiy similar to the preceding, but at once 



recognizable by the pale rosy red or reddish yellow tint of the Ijand on the forewing. The underside 

 moreover is washed with bronce-brown. — Larva smooth, brownish^ on grass. Yorxc;, who describes it as 

 being "thickly clothed with yellow hairs, on Iiis", has decidedly made a mistake, as already remarked by 

 BiNGHAiM. In Kashmir and Tibet, from June till October, local, but very abundant in its flight-places. 



paiiina. S. padma Koll. (= avatara Moore) (41 f). Above strongly recalhng circc, being also of the same 



size; but the white band of the hindwing is proximally, in the cf also distally, quite straight. Beneath the 

 ground-colour is darker and much less marmorated, the underside as a whole therefore resembling the 

 upper much more than in circe, especially in the cT, which formerly was considered a distinct species 

 (avatara Moore). In the Himalayas, from Kashmir to Sikkim and West China, locally very plentiful, in 

 loha. ,Iune. — loha Doh. (41 f) has the band on the hindwing slightly curved and not straight, the band on the 

 dmmbica. underside of this wing being yellowish and not narrowed behind, while chumbica Moore is considerably 

 smaller than all the other forms of padma and has a narrow band, from southern Tibet. — The padma are 

 powerful fliers, except the smaller cfcr' (aratarai of true padma, which are said to fly but short distances 

 and to often settle. Of the other forms Young and Leech agree in stating that the flight is fast and 

 continuous; their favorite localities are grassy places with single tall ti-ees, on whose stems they alight, not 

 being easy to catch however. 



saraswati. S. saraswati Kiill. (41 d). Smaller than the preceding forms, the ground-colour less deep black, the 



white band very broad, broadest of all white-l)anded Sat//rus. The band of the forewing is especially very 

 broad beneath, the ground-colour beneath being light grey with fine black pencilling. — In Kashmir, from 

 4000 feet upwards, locally common, from July till October. Flies on grassy places vdih few trees and 

 settles on thistles, on which the insect can be caught in numbers. 



merlina. S. merlina oberth. (41 e). In size, facies and colour similar to circe, but on the forewing the portion 



of the white band which lies below the apical ocellus is divided by the interposition of black spots, and the 

 cell of the forewing beneath bears a white longitudinal stripe. — In western China, widely distributed, and 

 not rare, from June till August. 



magica. S. iTiagica oberfh. (41 c). Similar to the preceding, but there is a white longitudinal stripe in the 



cell of both wings on the underside. In the nymotypical form only the cell-stripe of the hindwing appears 



