124 SATYRUS, By Dr. A. Seitz. 



at the edge of pine-woods and on clearings, and loves to settle on tree-trunks. It is local, but usually 

 abundant where it occurs, not being easy to catch, however, on account of its fast tlight. 



hriseis. S. briscis L. (= janthe Pall., daedale Bgsfr.) {42b). Very variable in size and markings; recogniz- 



able by the tlat triangular club of the antenna and the pale costal margin of the forewing. The dark wings 

 are traversed by a band which is usually composed of narrow transverse spots, bearing a distinct apical 

 ocellus and a second similar spot before and somewhat below the middle of the distal margin. Band of the 

 hindwing sometimes shaded. On the underside the cf has large dark angular spots at the base of both 

 wings, the ? having the hindwing beneath generallj^ uniformly brownisch or grey; North France, Germany, 

 meridionalis. Austria, Hungary, and the adjacent districts of Russia. — meridionalis Styr. (42b) is the South-European 

 form, which is especially common on the Mediterranean coasts of Europe. The white spots composing the 

 magna, band of the forewing are broader than in specimens from Central Europe. — magna 6tgr. is the from East 

 Europe, which flies also jn some districts of Asia Minor; in size like mcric/ionaHs, but the band somewhat 

 pirata. broader and purer white, especially on the hindwing. — ab. pirata Esp. (42 f) has the size of the previous, 

 but the band is ochreous ; occurs among white-banded specimens in South and East Europe , and Anterior 

 major. Asia, being especially large in the last country. — major Oheiih. (42 c) is still considerably larger than itirridio- 

 nalis, the band of the forewing being much narrower, and differs at a glance from all the other forms of hriseis 

 in the hindwing beneath, on which in the cf the dark triangular spot a the middle of the hindmargin is 

 wanting and the dark longitudinal spot above the middle of the cell is quite light green-grey and not sharply 

 hyrcana. defined. This large form is locally not rare in North Africa, in the Aures Mts. and the Kabylie. — hyrcana 

 .S7r/r. (42 b) is similar to maf/iia, the white band on the upperside being very narrow and the underside very 

 conspicuously variegated ; in Persia and various places of Anterior Asia, especially in the Achal-Tekke country. — 

 fergana. fergana Sfi/r. (42c) is the largest form, which has a rather large white band and in the ? a reddish grey 

 tiiranica. underside; from Asia Minor and the Pamir. — turanica Stijr. is nearly as large, the band not being very 

 marncamlica. broad and on the hindwing of the cf distinctly tinged with red-brown. — maracandica .%/•. (42 b) , from 

 Samarkand, is a medium-sized form which has very much white, the median band of both wings being very 

 broad and in addition the distal margin of the hindwing being broadly white. — Larva yellowish grey, with 

 a dark dorsal stripe and dark subdoi'sal lines; two light lateral lines above the spiracles, the stigmata them- 

 selves being black; venter light grey; till June on grasses. Pupa brownish yellow, with a darker dorsal 

 stripe. The butterflies from July till September; they prefer chalky soil and love to settle on bare places 

 of the ground and on boulders. The flight is low and hopping in the small northern form, stately, floating 

 and rather fast in tlie large forms from Africa and Asia Minor. The butterfly now and again visits scabious, 

 thistles or other composites, keeping the wings tightly closed when resting. 



bischoffii. S. bischoffli IL-Schaff'. (42 c, d). Forewing almost exactly as in the forms of briseix, but from the white 



patch enclosing the apical ocellus a white band-like spot projects obliquely upwards to the costa. The latter is dark 

 in the nymotypical bischoffii, almost like the ground-colour, the upperside of the hindwing, which is intensely 

 orange-yellow in the a" and somerhat duller in the ?, forming a very remarkable contrast to the forewing. 

 Tlie hindwing beneath is uniformly sand-colour, with a darker submarginal shadow. Armenia and the eastern 

 nigra- shores of the Black Sea. — ab. nigrolimbatus !^tf/r., from the neighbourhood of Malatia, has a more or 

 limbatiis. ]ess dark distal margin to the hindwing. — In ab. eginus Stgr. the hindwing is much variegated, being 

 eginiis. ^^g,.]. ijyown at the base and distal margin, while the central area is proximally white and distally reddish 

 kaiifmanni. \ellow; from Asia Minor. — kaufmanni Arse/?. (42 d) has the entire upperside of the hindwing black-brown, 

 sartha. even the adjacent portion of the band of the forewing being olisolete; from Turkestan. — sartha Sfi/r. 

 (— gultschensis Gr.-Grsh.) has the white band developed on both wing, being on the hindwing sharply separ- 

 sieversi. ated from the dark brown basal area and distally shaded with reddish yellow; Ferghana. — In sieversi 

 ( 'hrisf. (43 a) the white of the upperside is strongly reduced, so that this form is a transition towards kauf- 

 ohscurior. niimiii, the darkest specimens having been distinguished by Staudinger as ab. obscurior; Turkestan. — In 

 tadjika. contrast to these exceptionally dark form there occur also some light-banded ones; for instance tadjika Gr.- 

 (Irsh. {= sartha Gr.-Grslt.), in which the forewing is similar to that of ^/v'.sc/s, while the hindwing recalls 

 more circe, bearing a median band which is of even width and evenly curved. This median band is pure 

 white in the specimens from Bochara , jjeing broader in the examples from Sarafshan and distally red- 

 dish yellow. This latter tint occurs only in the cfd" ; the ?? which belong to them have the hindwing above 

 staiidingeri. entirely white with a dark base and a row of dark submarginal spots; this is staudingeri jBffw^-i/. (43a). — 



All these forms are so connected by intergradations that it is difficult so place certain specimens. 

 The underside of all is almost the same: light sand-colour, with a dark submarginal shadow and on the hind- 

 wing often a thin indistinct median line parallel to the margin. Nothing is known of the life-history. The 

 butterflies occur from June until August on bare chalk- and sand-hflls, and settle always with closed wings 

 on bare places on the ground, resembling small loose stones. 



heydenreidii. S. heydcnreichl Led. (42 e). Forewing similar to that of hriseis, but the cell of both wings above 



filled up with a large ovate white spot. The nymotypical form is found in the larger mountain ranges 



