htbl. IS. XII. OS. SATYRUS. Ry Dr. A. Seitz. 125 



Central Asia, the Altai, the Tarbagatai, Ala-Tau and has rather diffuse margins to the white markings of 



the hindwing. In the ab. caliginosa ScJuiJf- the band on the forewing and the white centre of the hind- caliginosa. 



wing are obscured. — The form shandura Marsh. (= nana l!iild) (42 d), however, has sharply defined white shandura. 



markings on the hindwing: from the Shandur-Pass in the Himalaya and also in the Tian-Shan and on the 



Pamirs. — The underside of heydenrekhi is also not unlike that of ?>n'.se/.s. In the cf especially the angulated 



spots in the basal portion of the wings are clearly defined. 



S. prieuri Pier. (42 d, e). This butterfly resembles the preceding species above, but the transverse patch prieuH. 

 of white streaks which extends across the forewing above the apical ocellus does not reach the costa; the oval 

 blotch in the cell of the forewing is so strongly shaded with brown that it contrasts but slightly with the 

 ground-colour, and the white discal band is somewhat more distinct than in heydenreichi , though is has no 

 smear-like projection towards the base. The underside of the hindwing, particularly in the ?, is more exten- 

 sively, though less distinctly, spottet with grejish brown, so that it approaches to a certain extent that of seiiielc, 

 the angulated spots not appearing so conspicuous as in bri^eis and heydenrekhi. Variations in the ocelli have 

 been found in this species also (e. g. jvmcfata Aiyit.). In Spain and the opposite portion of North Africa. — The 

 ?-f. uhagonis Oberih. (42 e) has ochre-yellow bands, and thus corresponds to the form plmta of biiseis ; Spain, uhagonis. 



S. anthe 0. (= persephone Hbn.) (42 e). *) In this species the pale spot in the cell of the forewing anthe. 

 above is absent, so that the whole costal half of both wings, with the exception of the ivory yellow costal 

 margin of the forewing, appears to be dark brown. The round black spot in front of the centre of the 

 outer margin is so surrounded with white that it resembles the pupil of a large ocellus. Below the cell of 

 the forewing is conspicuously pencilled transversely, and the underside of the hindwing is marbled, and 

 transversed by pale veins. On the shores of the Black Sea, in South Russia, Armenia and Asia Minor, also 

 in Persia and Afghanistan. — In the ab. hanifa Nordm. (42 e) the pale bands are bright ochre-yellow. Such Iwnifa. 

 specimens with entirely ochre-brown liands are common among the nymotypieal form, especially in the ??; 

 among the d'd' mostly transitional specimens are found in which only the centre of the band of the fore- 

 wing is strongly shaded with brown, the band remaining still rather white costally and posteriorly. — The 

 form enervata 'stij}-., from Central Asia, the Altai, the Tian-Shan, and Turkestan , is above similar to anthe, enemata. 

 but the underside of the hindwing is not traversed by wliite veins. — The ab. analoga Alph. (= ochracea analoga. 

 Rilhl [Stgr. i. I.]) (42 e) has the bands ochre-yellow, the underside of the hindwing being without white veining; 

 occurs among eiicrrafa. — cmfhc is a widely spread species in Western Asia, and is very abundant, both 

 there and in South Russia in June and July. It settles principally on the trunks of trees; the 2 however 

 also often on walls and on the ground. 



S. semele L. (42 f). The ? above similar to the preceding, but the bands above ivory-yellow, often semele. 

 obscured, especially on the hindwing. The cf above almost entirely dark, the band being only perceptible 

 on the hindwing in the form of a row of obsolete ochre-yellow spots. Both sexes show, on a pale ochre- 

 ground, before the anal angle a dark ocellus which occasionally is pupilled with white. The underside of 

 the hindwing is marbled with dark, a pale powdering in the form of a band terminating the basal portion 

 distally. this band protruding in a strong tooth below the cell towards the margin. From Madeira, the west 

 coast of Europe and Great Britain to Turkestan and Mesopotamia. — In maderensis Baker, from Madeira, maderensis. 

 the upperside in both sexes is strongly obscured and in the cf almost without any markings. — The con- 

 trary is found in the form algirica Obcrth. (42 f) , where the transverse bands are distinct in both sexes, algirka. 

 though but slightly tinged with red. — aristaeus Bon. (42 f), from Sardinia and Corsica, has a heavy red- aristaeus. 

 brown tint in the pale bands, which colour in the ? extends far into the disc of the forewing. — In mersina mersina. 

 Sfgr. (43 a) the underside of the hindwing is more evenly coloured with grey, and the basal area less sharply 

 separated from the marginal area. In fact the marbling is less variegated. On Cyprus and in Asia Minor, 

 according to Rlthl also in the South of France, according to Robee very constant and sharly differentiated 

 from semele. — In addition to the above, forms with an increased or diminished number of eye-spots have 

 been obtained; these are respectively ab. friocel/ata nagusa and ab. ampenoptera Lambrirhs. — diffusa Bntl., diffusn. 

 a form which is quite, dark both above and below, occurs as far as the North -Western Himalayas, where it 

 touches the Indian Region. — Larva greyish brown, with grey head, dark dorsal Une, pale longitudinal stripes, , 



and a reddish lateral line bordered with black below, the stigmata being black. On many grasses, among 

 others on Aria cespitosa, a. o.; full fed in May, hiding under stones during the day. Pupa grayish brown, 

 strongly tapering posteriorly. The imagines fly from July onwards, already in June at the shores of the 

 Mediterranean. They are everywhere abundant and settle with preference on tree-trunks, on walls, oi' on 

 the ground. Their underside already so well adapted to ti-ee-bark makes them still less perceptible, because 

 by the folding back of the forewings into the hindwings while at rest the apical ocellus is hidden and the 

 insect further seeks to adapt itself to its surroundings by adopting a peculiar slanting attitude. If disturbed 

 it usually flies but a short distance, often only to the next tree-trunk ; but in the mornings of very hot days 



*) I retain here, as tlie most usual, the name "anthe" as opposed to the older Huebnerian persejihone, which was changed 

 as Iseing preoccupied. As we no longer liave another Sati/rus persi'phone llie oliler name might be restored. But since we are 

 not writing a critical monograph, we retain the name in current use. 



I 16 



