126 



SATYRUS. P,v Dr. A. Skitz. 



the insects come down the liilt-s in nunil)ers with a tearing tliglil in order to ibink at the edge of springs. 

 They are fond of visiting flowers, especially those of Thyme and Betony. 



autonoe. S. autonoe Es<p. (43 b). Above dark smoky brown. In the c^ the band contrasts very feebly with 



the ground-colour, there being however a small paler spot below the apical ocellus. The latter as well as a 

 second ocellus situated proximally to and a little below the centre of the distal margin have a thin white pupil. 

 The liindwing has only a thin semicircular pale arc which touches the apex of the cell, there being beneath 

 three dark, usually pale-edged, dentate stripes and pale veins. In the ? the dull yellow band of the fore- 

 wing is more distinct and more sharph' defined , but reaches neither the costal nor the posterior margin. 

 On the hindwing the band is distinctly defined only proximally, disappearing in the ground-colour distaUy. 

 In the Steppe-district of South-Russia, and in Anterior Asia as far as the Altai and Dauria. — In the form 



sibinca. sibirica Stgr., wliich occurs farther east, in Amurland, the bands are somewhat more whitish above, while 

 extrema. the underside is not different. — extrema Alph. is larger and has the bands quite white, the oceUi being 



celaeno. very large; Xorth-West China and Tibet. — celaeno Leech (43a) on the contrary has the wings strongly 

 darkened ; on the underside the yellow band of the forewing is very prominent and the sole distinct (middle) 

 dentate band of the hindwing is bordered with pure white; Howkow, Tibet, at an elevation of 2 — 3000 m. — 

 The forms of autonoe fly in sterile locaUties from June tiU August, being plentiful at their flight-places. The 

 form celaeno, described from a single o"", may be either a mountain-form or an individual aberration. 

 hippolyte. S. hippolyte Esp. (= alcyone F., agave Esp.) (43 b). Simdar to the preceding in size and shape, 



but the distal band is on both wings broad, sharply defined and yellowish, being distally tinged with yellow- 

 ish red. In the nymotypical form the hindwing beneath bears 3 distinct dentale lines, the ground-colour 

 being often so darkened between the first two that there appears a dark median band. In Spain and South 

 mercurias. Russia as well as in Anterior Asia. — The form mercurius Sffft-., from the Tian-shan district, has the bands 

 rliena. brighter yellow, and in rhena H.-Schaff'.*) , from Tokat, they have a strong orange tint. — On the other 

 hand, Elwes found in the higher Altai a smaller form in wliich the bands are pure pale yellow, not being 



pallida, tinged with orange, but being traversed by the heavy dark veins; this is pallida Stgr. (43b), which is distin- 

 guished, moreover, by the underside of the hindwing being minutely but evenly irrorated with dust-grey. — 

 hippolyte is common in June and July at its flight-places, steppes and sterile meadow; it settles on naked 

 places on the ground and thes only a short distance when disturbed, therefore lieing easy to catch (Elwes). 

 arethiisa. S. arethusa Esp. (43b, c). Above dark brown, with a yellow distal band, which is usually separated 



into spots in the cf, and paler and broader in the ?, the apical ocellus being without pupil and the fringes 

 chequered grej- and brown. The foi'ewing is yellow beneath, the margin being marmorated ^-ith grey like 

 the hindwing. which latter has a dark, in the c" sinuous, median line, on the outside of which there is a pale 

 band irrorated with white-grej'. The distal band of the upperside vai-ies enormouslv: it may be broad and 



erythia. continuous, or completely absent from the hindwing and vestigial on the forewing. — In ab. erythia Hbn., 

 from South France and the East, the distal band is slightly dentate, the spots being acuminate: — in ab. 



dentata. dentata i^t(i):, which is the usual form at the Riviera, the spots are evenly and more strongly acuminate, 



boabdil. the band therefore resembhng a saw. — In boabdil Rbr. (43c) the band, above, is so shaded with smoke- 

 colour as to resemble the ground and almost to disapjjear in the same, only the apical ocellus with very 



obscura. feeble vestiges of the band being more distinct; Spain. — As obscura(43c) Ribbe sent me specimens from 

 Andalusia which are quite black above and very \'ivitUy marmorated beneath. — Larva bone-colour, with a 

 red-yellow dorsal-stripe in which there is a thin dark line, a yellow side-stripe and feeble, hardly visible, 

 longituchnal hues; till June on Festuca. The butterthes from July till September, the various forms in some 

 places flying together, being separated in other districts, common on lime-stone mountains, in the whole of 

 South Europe, from Portugal to Turkey and South Russia, everywhere at the Black Sea, eastwards to Saisan 

 in the Altai (Rdbckbeil). In Europe the species extends northwards as far as Alsatia, Baden, Hungary (ab. 

 peszerensis) and Galizia. The flight-places are often very distant from one anotiier, being sterile hills and 

 fallow-fields, especially on lime-stone. 

 neomiris. S. neoitiiris dod. (= marmorae II Im., jolaus Bon.) (43 c). Similar to alci/one and doubtless closely 



related to it. The distal band light orange, being bright above, very broad on the hindwing, proximaUy 

 sharply defined and distally tinged with reddish yellow. On the underside the orange band of the forewing 

 contrasts sharply with the black-brown basal area. The hindwing beneath witii a broad white median band 

 which is bordered with black proximally. The apical oceUus of the forewing centred with wliite on both sides. 

 On Sardinia and Corsica, also on Elba. — Egg almost globular, ivory-white, minutely ribbed, the larva 

 appearing in 14 days. The larva is ivory-yellow, with a thin, black, dorsal double line; above the spirales 

 a black side-line, which is interrupted on each segment. Head pale brown, with black mandibles; on grass 

 (KoLLMOBGEx). — The butterflies occur in mountainous districts, from 700 m upwards, from June till August, 

 locally plentiful, settling particularly often on the trunks of Conifers, 

 azorinus. S. azorinus Stieck. This insect, which is unknown to me in nature, is said to be from the Azores. 



Dark brown ; forewing with paler, yellowish, disc and a small apical oceUus ; hindwing with an iU-defined yellow 



*) rhena of Herrich-SchXffer is composed of orange ?? of the present species and dark cfcf of herol'. 



