SATYRUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 127 



middle Ijand which is stronglj' incurved above the anal angle and beneath the apex. Fringes chequered. 

 Underside of hindvving with a pure white, sharply defined median band, at the basal side of which there are 

 two white spots, one irregular near the base, the second quadrangulai- below the cell. Described form a cT. 

 This form, wich Strecker placed near ncom/r/s, appears to be allied to alcijone. 



S. geyeri H.-Schaff. (4^Sc). Recalling iiutoiwc, but the upperside is not so dark; the ground-colour is geyeii. 

 yellowish grey, the markings of the underside distinctly shining through and the dark veins being ((uite plain. 

 Underside of forewing light, feebly shaded with yellowish; the hindwing beneath coarsely marmorated and 

 white-veined, bearing beyond the middle a light band which is interrupted above and below the apex of the cell. 

 — On the east coast of the Black Sea, in Asia Minor, Armenia and Kurdistan, in July and August, very abundant. 



S. regeli Alph. (43d). Much smaller than the preceding forms, the distal band white, dimmed with regeli. 

 fuscous , the forewing with two ocelli pupilled on both surfaces , one being situated at the apex , the other 

 larger and placed above the hind angle. Underside of hindwing marmorated and traversed by white veins, 

 there being beyond the middle a narrow white band the costal portion of which is proximally sharply dentate 

 like a saw. Outside this band a row of luniform spots traversed by the white veins. Kuldja. — A broad-banded 

 cffrom the Sarydshass River, with a yellow tint on both surfaces is named by Grum-Geshimailo ab. latefasciata; latefasciata. 

 it is apparantly a transition towards the following (luu-bneri-) group. — In the smaller tancrei (-Tr.-Gr.^h. (= con- tancrei. 

 radti A/]>h.) (43d), from Kashgar, the band is broader and purer white, the cell of the forewing bearing a 

 white longitudinal streak, the base being of a pale colour below the cell. — abramovi Ersrh. (= regulus %;•.) abramovi. 

 (43 d) is larger, the band is glaring white, but there is always a narrow, ])lack, irregular band between the 

 same and the likewise white base of the wing; from the Pamir and Issyk-kul. — korlana -%/•., from the korhvia. 

 Tian-shan, is similar, but the distal band is shaded with yellowish and distally somewhat brownish. ^ bolo- boloricus. 

 ricus Gr.-Grsh., from the south-eastern Pamir, is a small form with the basal area of both wings entirely black- 

 grey, being nowhere lighter, and with the distal band broad and pale yellow. This band bears only the 

 apical ocellus, there being never a second large ocellus above the hind angle, but only now and again a 

 minute dot. — In hoffmanni Christ., from Turkestan, the distal band of the upperside is so much darkened hoffmanni. 

 that it has only the appearance of shining through from the under surface. 



Nothing is known of the eai'ly stages of the Inittertlies of this group. If all belong to one species, 

 as opined by Ruhl, or if all of them are but forms of the next group, or if it is more correct to treat them 

 as representing several different species, as is the ojiinion of Geum-Gbshimailo, may here be left undecided. 

 So much is certain that we have to do with mountain insects which, as far as we know, are geographically 

 separate, but agree closely in habits. They tly from the end of June till August in rocky locahties and 

 occxn- in the mountains as high up as 10000 feet, not being rare and settling on rocks and among boulders. 



S. huebneri. Now follow a whole series of forms of which some intergrade completely. In cadesia cadesia. 

 MuOKK (= wilkinsi Ersch., josephi Stcjr.) (43 d) the wings are dark brown, the forewing being golden yellow 

 in and below the cell; the reddish yellow distal band is rather narrow, bearing 2 large pupilled ocelli on 

 the forewing, the apical portion being pale yellow: Pamir, Kashgar, and Kashmir. — The form leechi Moore leedii. 

 {— huebneri Gr.-drsli.) is similar, but the distal band is pale yellow instead of reddish yellow; from the Pamir. — 

 In ab. decolorata Stgr. the pale yellow band is sometimes variegated with white and the basal area of the decolorata. 

 forewing is not light: Tianshan . Bokhara. — The first described form, huebneri EMr., from Kashmir, has linebnen. 

 the distal band dark yellow, the band being intermediate in colour between the bands of the two preceding 

 forms, but is considerably narrower. — In modesta Moouk the basal and outermarginal areas are very dai-k, modesta. 

 the bright orange distal band contrasting strongly with this ground-colour; Kashmir. — In dissoluta N/f/r. dissolnta. 

 ( — wilkinsi <r/-.-(Trs/i.) (43 d) the forewing is entirel}- reddish yellow, excejjt a dark costal smear at the edge 

 of the cell, the basal area of the hindwing, however, being still darker. — intermedia Gr.-Grsh. (43d, e) is intermedia. 

 one of the smallest forms, being the most intensely reddish one ; from the Altai ; the basal area of both wings 

 but very feebly shaded with dark and the forewing is pale at the costal margin. — pamira Sfgr. has the pamira. 

 appearance of being a large form of the preceding with an especially large apical ocellus on the forewing; 

 the costal area of the hindwing is black above the cell, which colour contracts strongly with the pale, almost 

 white, patch situated before the apex ; Ferghana. — All these forms often completely intergrade. They vary, 

 moreover, in the number and size of the black eye-dots, like all Sati/rus, and differ probably also according 

 to the altitude at which they have been obtained. They occur still at a very considerable height, up to 13000 feet, 

 being there on the wing not before the end of July and August, and do not appear to occur anywhere in abundance. 



S. telephassa Hbn. (43 e). Dark brown-grey, with a reddish yellow distal band, the band bearing telephassa. 

 on the forewing two ocelli, which have an extremely minute or no pupil. The forewing beneath is yellowish 

 brown with a pale band, the hindwing jjeing marmorated, earth-grey. The species resembles several other 

 Saii/nis from the same country, but is easily recognized by the cf having a smear-hke black velvety spot 

 in the cell of the forewing. in the ^ the band of the forewing is very distinct and evenly limited on 

 its proximal side, the ground-colour ]ienetrating as a long straight projection into the band below the apex 

 of the cell; moreovei', the yellow hand of the upperside of the hindwing has only one minute white-centred 

 eye-spot in the anal area, while other forms have 2 blue-white small spots, which are usually distinct and 



