SATYRUS. B\' Dr. A. Seitz. 129 



above Adana; also in Lydia and Kurdistan. — The European form, amalthea Frit: (43 g), has similar o'er anuiiihra. 

 as the form from Asia Minor, but entirely different ??; these are like the cfcf, possessing on the forewing 

 a white macular band, with very large ocelli, the hindwing usually bearing in the middle a white smear; 

 south-eastern districts of the Balcan Peninsula. — The butterflies are extremely abundant in their tlight- 

 places, namely barren hills and sterile detritus, and tly in April and May, at higher altitudes not before 

 the end of May. 



S. beroe Fir. (43 g). Recalling pclopeu in pattern, but the ground-colour much ligliter, being glossy beioe. 

 dust-grey, the distal band dull wax-yellow, with 2 rather large dark ocelli on the forewing. Costal margin 

 and fringes of a whitish silky gloss. Hindwing beneath yellowish grey- brown, with a dirty white band 

 beyond the middle. — In ab. rhena H.-Scliciff.*) the band is more or less tinged with reddish yellow r/iena. 

 distally, and in ab. aurantiaca Sti/i: (43 g, 44 a) the bands are entirely orange-yellow. — In Asia Minor, aurantiaca. 

 occurring more singly, from June till August. 



S. mamurra H.-Schiiff. {= pelopea H.-Schuff.) (44 a). The originally clay-coloured bands are in mamuna. 

 the <f — especially on the forewing — so much shaded with smoky brown dusting that they are reduced 

 to a dull yellowish cloud situated around the large ocelli of the distal band. In the ? the band of the 

 hindwing is pale yellow at its proximal edge and reddish yellow distally, the proximal edge not being 

 straight, but projecting in the form of small angles or teeth into the dark basal area. Although cfo^ even 

 from the same place and date vary rather considerably in the dark dusting of the bands, one has never- 

 theless based various forms specially on differences in this dark shading. The nymotypical mamurra occurs 

 mainly in Asia Minor, where it is very plentiful, especially in the southern districts. — The cf of schakuhensis schakuhcnsif 

 Stffv. (44a) is darker above, being on the contrary paler beneath, adapted to yellowish white sand; from 

 Pei-sia. — graeca SUfr. (44a), from Greece, is still darker and moreover rather considerably smaller than graeca. 

 the previous forms. — ab. obscura N/.'/c, from the Taurus, has in the cT the upperside so much darkened obscura. 

 that there are only very feeble vestiges of the bands visible; the underside is pale white-grey. — lydia lydia. 

 Sfgr. is above much less darkened than the two preceding forms; the band of the hindwing, however, is 

 uniformly ochre-yellow, its proximal edge not being paler than the distal portion of the band ; the fringes 

 moreover are dark grey. The white dots are absent from the band, on the fore- as well as the hindwing; 

 on bare heights of the Bosz-Dagh in Asia Minor. — sintenisi Sfgr. (44 a) is doubtless also but a strongly sintenisi. 

 darkened form of mamurra; from the Hinterland of Trapezunt. — Like most Satyruit of this group the 

 butterflies occur in July and August in stony places, settling on the bare ground or on scattered stones, 

 tlying but a short distance when disturbed. 



S. statilinus Hufn. (= fauna Sulz., arachne Esp.) (44b). Above blackish, with silk.y gloss, the distal statilimis. 

 margin darker, the fringes being chequered, the disc with brown sheen and scarcely paler than the margin. 

 cT above almost without markings, sometimes with 2 white dots between the hardly visible ocelli; above 

 the anal angle of the hindwing a dark dot. ? with silvery grey costal margin and long pale ash-grej- 

 fringes; the wings somewhat paler, more brownish black, the band still distinctly visible, around the ocelli 

 pale patches. Underside ashy grey, the disc of the forewing with a Inown sheen, the apical ocellus edged 

 with yellow, as is in the ? also the second ocellus of the forewing. The whole of Europe with the exception 

 of the North and England, as far as the North and Baltic Seas, but sporadic and only locally common. — 

 apennina Z. has very dark wings, wliich, in the live cf, possess a vivid gloss, the fringes being white, apenninc. 

 Hindwing strongly scalloped, its underside being brown with 2 more distinct dentate lines; from the 

 Apennines. — allionia F. (= fauna Hbn.) (44b) is larger and deeper black-brown; beneath more variegated, allionia. 

 the exterior dentate line distally accompanied by a white band: at the Riviera, in Andalusia and on the 

 shores of the Black Sea. — The Sicilian form, ab. martiani Jf.-Srln'iff., has very large ocelli, which are martiani. 

 sometimes double; similar characteristics are also met with in specimens from the Black Sea. — A very 

 remarkable form (perhaps more correctly species) is hansii Ausi. (44 b), of which we figure the types, which hansii. 

 were very kindly lent us. The ocelli of the forewing are in the d of this insect more narrowly, in the 

 2 more broadly bordered with yellow, in the cf also the anal ocellus of the hindwing having a bright 

 yellow border. The underside is very prominently variegated, the hindwing bearing a dark middle band 

 which is distally broadly white. In the Atlas, in western Algeria and Morocco. — Larva velvety, being 

 short-haired, clay-colour, with 5 brown longitudinal stripes; head l)rownish; spiracles red (Brants). Adult 

 in June on Poa annua, Festuca and other grasses. Pupa brownish, with long wing-cases. — The butterflies 

 occur from July onwards at the edge of pine- woods and on open places in the same, settling with 

 preference in the middle of the roads. In the small pine-woods which crown the sunny hills of the Riviera, 

 one meets in August sometimes with astonishing numbers of this butterfly. 



S. fatua Frr. (= allionii Hbn). Very similar to the preceding, mostly larger ; differs on the upi)er- fatua. 

 side in having a dark submarginal line, and on the underside in the hindwing being more unicolorous and 

 bearing mostly 2 deeply dentate black curved lines across the central area. Hindwiuij above often \ery 



*) See foot-note p. l^iti. 



