SATYRUS. liy \h: A. Skip/,. 131 



from nymotypical abdelkader Pin:, from llie Province ol' ()r:in and Morocco, in the darker ground-colour, abdelkader. 

 more distinct l)lue centres to the oceUi and larger smears between the latter. — The ab. serrata An><t., from serrata. 

 Magenta, with the baud on the underside of the hindwing not being angulate but more rounded and exter- 

 nally undulate, is probably nothing but an individual aberration of the West Algerian form, somewhat ap- 

 proaching the European cordula, of which dhdrlkudey in the North African representative. — The larva feeds 

 doubtless on a knee-deep grass with large panicles, which grows everywhere the buttertly occurs, and may 

 be very similar to the larva of mrdidii. The cfcf float in a tluttering flight probing from one tuft of grass 

 after the other and visit especially thistles and dandelion. In certain tlight-places, for instance at the mill on 

 fhe Pic des Gedres near Batna, the butterflies are abundant in Ma\- and June; but one finds them singly 

 also in other places, especially in rocky shady beds of brooks. 



S. actaea. Upperside of cf black-brown, with a dark sheen in live specimens: the 2 ocelli of the 

 forewing mostly represented only by the smaU bluish white pupils. In old specimens, with the ground-colour 

 faded, the pupil is bordered with deep black. Between the ocelli of the forewing sometimes 2 minute white 

 dots. The number of the ocelli may be enlarged or diminished as in all Sdli/rus, e. g. iiurnla Schidtz, ornida 

 SchiiHz. In the ? the distal band is indicated by a paler, sometimes yellowish brown tint, and the ocelli are 

 considerably larger than in the o"". Underside ditferent in the various forms, with a distinctly detined distal 

 band, a dark dentate line in the cell and across the hindwing, and a somewhat irregular submarginal hne. — 

 The best known form is cordula F. {= hippodice Hbn., bryce God.) (44 f); the cT deep black, often with a cordula. 

 brownish violet sheen, the pupils of the oceUi distinct and prominent and the underside of the hindwing 

 almost uniformly dark. The (fd' and especially the ?? are among the largest known artaea-iovms. In Switzer- 

 land and the Tyrol, especially on the southern slopes of the Alps, in Northern Italy, the Apennines and at 

 the Italian Riviera. — In the ?-f. peas Hht., whicii is the prevalent form in certain valleys of the Alps pewx. 

 (being said to occur also in Portugal) the distal bands are bright ochre-yellow. — virbius H.-Schdff., from virbius. 

 South Russia, especially the Caucasus, has likewise a very unicolorous dark underside to the hindwing in 

 the cf, as in cordn/a, but is smaller than the latter. — The first-described form, actaea £sjj. (44 fj, has a actaea. 

 whitish, irregular, median band on the underside of the hindwing; it occurs in South France, in especially 

 typical specimens at Digne. podarce 0., from Portugal, the south-eastern districts of Asia Minor. a.nd podarcr. 



Syria, is a smaller form with a network of pale veins on the underside of the hindwing. — cordulina Stiji:, cordulina. 

 from Central Asia, differs from cordida only in ])eing smaller. — bryce Hh/i. (44f), from the Altai, Fer- bryce. 

 gliana, and the interjacents mountains, as well as from Tibet, has a pale brown or dusty grey ujipei'side, 

 without black or dark blue sheen, size and shape ])eing the same as in cordula. — aj). ganssuensis dr.- gunssuc/isis. 

 Grnh., from Tibet, has large ocelli and its? a very distinctly defined greyisli brown band; the wings beneath 

 pale, with a prominent band and siiarj) markings, the forewing being variegated with white at the apex 

 and the hindwing in the basal area. - favonia >^fgr. resembles brijcc, but has only the size of ocliien. favonia. 

 Forewing beneath with yellow disc. The chief distinction is that the white dots situated between the ocelli 

 of the forewing are somewhat shifted towaids tlie margin. In the o" the scent-streak is distinct, while it is 

 often absent in the other forms oi' dcliico. Hadjin. — nevadensis 7i''V;Ar (44e), from Andalusia, is the snuillest nevadctisis. 

 form, with the underside of the liindwing brightly marked and similar to that of actaea, but without white 

 median band. — mattozi Mont., from the heights of the Seri'a da Estrella, is considerably smaller than actaea, mattozi. 

 darker; the forewing of the cf with a stronger sheen, but without white dots between the ocelli, in the ? 

 with a stronger ochreous tint; recalling podarce, being a transition from tliat form to the very closely allied 

 nemdensif!. — amasina St</r., has the upperside duller in colour, the underside of the hindwing bearing & amasina. 

 network of white veins; Ijelow the size of cordula; from Asia Minor. — parthica Le(/., from Persia and \\\e part/iica. 

 adjacent districts of Transcaspia, has likewise a white-veined underside to the hindwing, but the upper sur- 

 face is deep black with an intensely dark sheen as in cordida. The forewing beneath is bright russet-yellow 

 on the disc. — pimpla FIdr. is similar to parthica, the cf being very difficult to distinguish from the same; pimp/a. 

 the ?, however, has the very large apical ocellus edged with ochre-yellow and bears ])elow it an ochreous 

 band-like smear, to that there is a superficial resemblance to uretluisa ; h\ii pimpla is always without the 

 second l)lack ocellus above the anal angle. Afghanistan, Beluchistan and Kashmir, every where very rare ; the 

 cf became known long after the ?. — In alaica >^f<jr., whicii is otherwise very similar to parthica, the russet- alaica. 

 yellow colour is absent from the underside or at least duller, so that this forms resembles amasina, but dif- 

 fers in the ocelli of the upperside being less distinctly pupilled; a mountain form from the Alai Mts. — nana nnna. 

 Sf(p-. has tlie disc of the forewing beneath more reddish yellow than a/aica , but the apical ocellus of the 

 upperside is strongly reduced and usually Ijlind; Turkestan. — hadjina Ridd-Heipie , from the Taurus and liadjina. 

 Lydia, is above dull in colour, like bri/ce, but is much smaller than that form, being also less variegated 

 beneath, the underside of the hindwing being dark variegated with whitish. — penketia Friihsf., from Greece, peiilietia 

 is similar to the South Russian rirhins, but has larger ocelli and on the hindwing beneath a moi'e diffuse 

 white middle band. — The specimens of cordula from Zermatt have been separated by Fbuhstorfer as 

 milada; thej' stand midway between actaea and cordula and the ? approaches ab. j)eas in the median band milada. 

 lui\ing an ochre-yellow sheen. — Larva brown, with 5 dark longitudinal lines, which are jjarily pale-bor- 



