132 CALLARGE. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



dered; the black spiracles separated trom the ligiiter underside Ijy a dark side-line above which there is a pale 

 line; head marked with black (Griebel); till May or June on grasses. Pupa brownish yellow, anteriorly dark. 

 The butterflies are on the wing from the end of June onwards, occuring in open stony places, affecting 

 slopes which are covered with boulders and bear a but scanty vegetation. During the forenoon the cfcf 

 are busy visiting thistle-lieads, on which they settle with the wings half open, while the ?? keep more near 

 the ground, restiaig with entirely closed wings on bare spots of the ground and on slones. The cfcf have an 

 irregular hopping flight; they are generally very abundant in their flight-places, but hard to catch on 

 account of the difficulties of the ground. 



stlu'iio. S. Stheno (h-.-Grsh. Differs from medium-sized rordiila in the forewing bearing 2 — B white smears 



beyond the apex of the cell, besides the eye-spots. The middle band on the pale-veined underside of the 

 hindwing is very regular and bordered by a quite evenly curved whitish band. — In the Karategin Mts., 

 Turkestan, 4000—4500 ft,, plentiful, in July. 



S. dryas. Black-brown, larger and paler than most «c/«t'tf-forms , the pupils of the 2 ocelli of the 

 forewing above more blue than white and mostly larger than in actaea; the underside of the hindwing more 

 unicolorous, not strongly mai-ked, only occasionally slightly clouded or with a pale middle band, but often 

 with a distinct anal ocellus. One of the most widely distributed butterflies; from North Spain throughout 

 Europe and Asia as far as the east coast of Japan, from the Baltic to the Mediterranean, and in Asia south- 

 ward to the boundary of the Palaearctic Region. On the whole the size of the specimens diminishes from 

 East to West and likewise from the lowlands to the mountains. On the other hand the size of the ocelli 

 increases from North to South. From these directions of variation result a number of varieties. — The 

 dryas. nymotypical dryas Scop. (= phaedra L., briseis Esp., athene Bkh.) (44 f) has I'athei- small ocelli with feeble 

 pupils, and a uniform underside; Oentral and South Europe. — Specimens from the Southern Tyrol with 

 drymeia. the ocelli conspicuously stronger developed ha\e been named drymeia Fruhsf. — Intermediate between 

 these and North European specimens are the individuals from Southern Bavaria, which Feuhstorfee describes 

 tassilo. from Worishofen under the name of tassilo. — As in North Europe, there is also in the north of the 

 sihirica. Asiatic Continent a special form, sibirica Stgr., which is very much larger, but stiU is of rather uniformly 

 dark colour and has moderately large ocelli; throughout Northern Asia, southward to the Yang-tse-kiang. 

 agda. extremely common near Peking, Hankow and I-chang; hi Kiou-chou, northwards to Amurland. — agda 

 FruliHt. is the name for a small form — presumably a mountain form — from South -West China, with a 

 quite small ocellus between the median veins and very indistinctly marked underside of the hindwing. — 

 paiipera. paupera Alph. (44 f), from the interior of China, has the underside of the hindwing entirely without 

 markings and the coloration is on the whole dull, the size hardlj' ecjualling that of specimens from Central 

 astraea. Europe. — astraea Ijei'ch (= tibetanus RiM-Heyne) is a small form with lai-ge ocelli , the markings on the 

 bipunctatiis. underside of the hindwing being feeble; from Se-chuen and the adjacent districts of Tibet. — bipunctatus 

 oknmi. Motsch. is the Korean form; very large, with strongly enlarged, heavily blue-centred ocelh, okumi Fnihst. 

 (44 f), from the main island of Japan, differing in the oceUi being still a little larger. These last two forms 

 have the pale middle band of the underside of the hindwing best developed. — In the smaller form from 

 kawara. Hokkaido (Yezo), kawara Fmlist., the whitish band of the hindwing beneath is absent. — In all these East 

 Asiatic forms there occur exceptional specimens which have whole rows of ocelh on the fore- or hindwing. 

 To give names to all these variations in the number of the ocelli (as has already been done in some cases, 

 e. g. tripimcfdta Ne.uhgr., etc.) would be of no value. — Larva greyish yellow abo\e, light grey beneath, 

 with the head reddish marked with black, and with thin dark longitudinal lines and a brown side-stripe; 

 till June on grasses, for instance Avena elatior, a. o. Pupa brown-grey, anteriorly dark brown, with a tuft 

 of bristles at the apex of the abdomen. The butterflies fly from July till September in leaved woods; they 

 affect the shade and fly slowly, with a flapping flight, over the undergrowth, in which they occasionaUy 

 take refuge. While the small European specimens recall Erebia, the gigantic East Asiatic forms are hardl}' 

 distinguishable on the wing from Ldhr sehrmkii, which occurs at the same time in the same localities. 



16. Genus: Callarge Li-crk. 



This genus is based on a single Chinese species. The antenna quite gradually and but slightly 

 .thickened, nearly as in Melaimrgia. Palpus long, with brush-like hairs. Eye naked. Neuration very 

 similar to that of Mi'lannryia, but the cell of the forewing narrower. — The genus apparently approaches 

 Zefhera, a genus of the Indo -Australian fauna consisting of but few species, some of which are strongly mimetic. 



C. sagitta. Whitish, yellowish beneath, with dark veins, longitudinal shadows at the costal and hind 



margins, and feeble angle-shaped markings before the margin. On the Yang-tse-kiang. Two forms are known : 



M^;Y/fl. sagitta Lcevli (41a), from Chang- Yang on the middle Yang-tse-kiang, is the hght-coloured form, while 



occidentalis. occidentalis Leech, the western form from Wa-su-kow, has the ground-colour shghtly shaded with ochre- 



yeUow, and bears strong dark vein-streaks, the distal area of both wings being shaded with fuscous. 



According to Leech the nymot5pical form appears to be very abundant at Chang -Yang. 



