136 APHANTOPUS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



apical ocellus a reddish yellow quadrate spot. Kashmir. — Larva light green above, blue-gi'een beneath, 

 with a pale-edged dark dorsal line, light longitudinal and grey lateral stripes : spiracles yellow ; in June and 

 the autumn on grasses. Pupa light to dark olive-green, with double-pointed head and pointed yellow 

 tubercles on the abdominal segments; hung up at the foot of Malls and on stones. The butterflies, apart 

 from the north of their distribution-area, have everywhere two broods, but do not exhibit distinct seasonal 

 dimorphism. On the Rhine there occur among udrasfa in August individuals which have more yellow than 

 the May specimens. The butterflies are found in day-time along walls and rocks, their flight being rest- 

 less, tumbling hither and thither. They are busy •visiting the tlowers growing out of the rocks, settling on 

 them with the wings half open, the latter being closed when the butteiily aUghts on a stone-wall, to which 

 the underside is adapted. They are local, being restricted to mountainous places in the south of the 

 distribution-area, but are plentiful in their flight-places. 



majuscula. P. majuscula Leech (4.5 f). As large as the largest !(chcikni-92 or even larger, at once recognized 



by the apical ocellus being enonuously enlarged, especialh* in the 2. The ocelli of the hindwing below are 

 also very regular and large. — In West China and Tibet, in the mountains up to 10000 ft., not plentiful, 

 in June and July. In spite of the difference in the development of the eye-spots this form might be consi- 

 dered the eastern representative of nnirn/. 



deidamia. p. deidamia Fa-. (^ menetriesi Brem.) (45 f). The cf above somewhat similar to the menata-cf, the 



? with white spots proximally to as well as below the apical ocellus: both sexes recognizable by the under- 

 side, which is dark blackish brown and without the dentate hues found in the megera- and ///wenz-gi-oups of 

 forms. Very widely distributed, from the Ural throughout Asia, Siberia, Tibet. China and Japan. — In 

 erebina. Korea occurs the dark form erebina Btlr., which is characterized by the more pointed forewing and strongly 

 enlarged apical ocellus. — More singly, in some countries restricted to mountainous districts, the insect 

 flying under trees and on road-sides, settling at puddles, the flight being weak and lazy. In the south of 

 its area in May and again from August onward , in certain districts of China and in Amurland in July : 

 usualh' rare. As in the case of maera a whole series of special forms might be separated in accordance 

 with locality and season. 



dumetorum. p. dumetorum Oberth. (4of). Above similar to the ? of the previous species, but the white smears 



in the apical area of the forewing differently placed: the basal area of the hindwing beneath irrorated with 



fulvescens. small white spots. In ab. fulvescens Alph., from Tsa-tsi-ku, the spots of the forewing are brown-yellow; 

 the form nemorinn Oberth., in which these spots are partly absent, comes from Yunnan (South China), not 

 being Palearctic. Widely distributed in the mountainous districts of West China, at altitudes of from oOOO 

 to 10000 ft., locally not rare, in June and July. 



adiine. P. 2iQ.\\\nt Scop. (= dejanira L.) (45 g). Dark brown: forewing with 5—6 eye-rings forming a chain, 



hindwing with 2 — 4 such rings. Underside proximally to the ocelli with a white distal band which is vari- 

 able and may be so much reduced that the row of ocelli is placed within the ground-colour. Deviations in 

 mendelensis. the band occur especially often in alpine specimens, though singly also in other places, ab. mendelensis 

 Lowe being based on such variation. From West Europe throughout Central and North Europe, Siberia and 

 North China to Japan, northward to Livonia. North Russia and Amurland. southward to Northern Italy. — 

 achinoides. In the east of the area there occur specimens with the eye-rings on the upperside enlarged, ab. achinoides 

 Bth: (= eximia Stgr.). the specimens being moreover often of a brighter colour: but they fly together with 

 individuals which are not distinguishable from European ones. — Larva green, with yellowish brown head. 

 3 dark dorsal hues and pale double lateral stripe ; till May on Lolium. Poa, Triticum, etc. Pupa green, with 

 angular head and a thoracic tubercle. The butterflies occui" in woods of tall leaved trees, especially if there 

 is a luxurious undergrowth, in June and July, the flight being dancing. They pitch on bushes, drink on 

 damp places of the roads and imbibe the sap of wounded trees. Widely distributed in Europe, but sporadic 

 and usuaUy not very plentiful, being on the contrary extremely common in East Asia, assembling some- 

 times in swarms. They even occur in abundance on the islands near the Paciflc coast (A'jezo, Askold). 

 The d'cf appear so much earlier than the ?? that they usually are already worn when the first ?? emerge. 



catena. p. catena Leech (45 g). Similar to achiuf, dift'ering in the light distal band on the underside being 



more strongly developed and showing through on the upperside. and in the basal area of the hindwing 

 beneath bearing several white spots. — This fonn from Chang-Yang just enters the Palearctic Region; it 

 does not appear to be plentiful and is local, being perhaps, as already suggested by Leech, the south- 

 eastern form of achine. 



18. Genus: Apbantopus Wallgr. 



A few blackish brown, medium-sized species compose this genus. The antennae hai'dlj' incrassate 

 at the tip. The palpi long, porrect. The eyes naked. The wings regular in shape, rounded, the anal angle 

 hindwing not produced. Subcostal and median nervures of the forewine inflated at the base. Unicolorous 



