140 EPrNEPHELE. By Dr. A. Sf.it/,. 



tlie cell of the t'orewing and the hiiuliiiaigiii a rnther lary:e scpiit-])rttcli . whicli contrasts with the dull 

 ground of the hindwing not by its colour, but by its silky, in certain hght silvery grey gloss. Turkestan, very 

 abundant in the Koksu Pass, in July. In specimens from Samarkand tlie ground-colour of the forewing is 

 of a darker brown-yellow. 

 puldiel/a. E. pulchella Flch: (48 a). Some specimens so closely resemble lu/aris that both insects liave 



several times been considered the same; larger, the cf without the silky patch in the disc of the forewing. 

 The apical ocellus .stands a very little more remote from the apex than in hihiris and is often very shghtly 

 neoza. transversely oval, being always without pupil above. Turkestan. Hindukush. - neoza Lanij (47 a| has tlie 

 disc of the forewing more dark brown than ochre-yellow, and is generally considerably larger than pul- 

 chella. (In the figm-e 47a the anal angle of the hindwing is too much produced, projecting actually much 

 less than in most Epinephele; the figure 47 a named «eo^« U. is moreover erroneously so named, it represents 

 pitldira. the underside of the Kashmirian form of /i/cno)).) — pulchra F/tJr. is somewhat less dark in tint and has a 

 transverse discal band; Kashmir and the North- Western Himalayas, extending into North India. — The 

 butterflies are alpine insects which fly in July on high steppes overgrown with Festuca. 



coeno- E. coenonympha FIdr. (47a). cT above quite uniformly dark brown, the basal area being but 



nympha. <;i[giitly paler than the outer area. The ? has 2 dark eye dots tjiinly margined with light scaling. The 

 forewing beneath bears a red-yellow distal band, in which there are 2 ocelli in the ?, the hindwing showing 

 maiza. small pale smeai's in the disc and at tlie cell. The ab. maiza Lamj has a dark discal line on the under- 

 goolmurga. side of the forewing. — In ab. goolmurga Ldiuj the disc of the forewing beneath is more extended yellow 

 and the black-brown margins of the wings are considerably narrower. — The butterflies, about which little 

 is as \-et known, occur in Kashmir, where they are found at an altitude of about 1000(T ft. They either 

 are rare or restricted to less accessible mountains. 

 cadiisia. E. cadusla Led. (46e, f). Both sexes recall above small Central European ?? oi jiirtimi ; they are 



dark brown, with an abbreviated oclu-eous band on the forewing; the fringes very pale. Underside of 

 hindwing with a distinctly marked middle band, which, however, very slightly contrasts in colour with the 

 cadusina. ground. Persia. Turkestan. ?? from Aschabad are larger than Persian ones. - cadusina ^tgy. is perhaps a 

 distinct species, the cf of which has the disc of the forewing strongly darkened, there being hardly a trace 

 of the yellow half-band. There is never any yellow in the cell; the scent-organ of the cf naiTOwer than 

 in cadusia, sometimes strongly reduced. The underside of the hindwing as a rule much darker than in 

 laeta. radusia, almost as in iiai(hidensis; in Turkestan, at Lake Balkash. — laeta Sfgr. (47a) is a larger form; the 

 dark-edged forewing bright yellowish brown bearing below the cell a very conspicuous scent-stripe in 

 monotoma. the cf; Turkestan, especially North Bokhara. — monotonia Stgv. (47a) is very similar to the preceding, 

 but differs in the basal area of the forewing being darker and tlie light underside of the hindwing more 

 vmiform in colour; Samarkand. 

 dieena. E. cheena Moore (47 a, b). Far larger than the previous forms, in both sexes uniformh' dark brown 



above with an apical ocellus, there being below it another ocellus which is of the same size in the ? and 

 hardly perceptible or even absent in the a^. These eyes are thinly bordered with yellowish red or (in cf) 

 light brown. A difference in the development of this border has been the reason for separating from cheena 

 kashmirica. another form, kashmirica Moore, in which the eye-rings are but very diffuse, their colour contrasting but 

 slightly with the ground. (The figures PI. 47a, b represent more the latter form; the figure of the under- 

 side erroneously bears the name neoza). Underside of hindwing brownish, with a sinuous discal stripe and 

 deiphobe. a black feebly undulate sulnnarginal line. — deiphobe Jjeech is a rheinu-iorm from the plateau north of 

 Ta-tsien-lu, in which the ocelli of the 2 bear a minute white pupil, the spaces between the ocelli being 

 filled with ochre-j'ellow ; the underside of the hindwing has frequently ocelli in the anal as well as the 

 apical area. — From Kashmir throughout the whole North -Western Hiniala\as into the Oriental Region, 

 very plentiful, from June till August, the most abundant Epinephele in its country. 

 jurtina. E. juftina L. f= janira L., lemur Schrk., pamphilus Hnfn.) (47b). Above dark brown: tlie apical 



ocellus minutely centred with white, being in the cT bordered with dull dark yellow, and standing in the 2 

 in an ochre-yellow half band, which becomes narrower behind and does not reach the hindmargin. The 

 upperside of the live d" has often a splendid metallic gloss and bears a broad scent-patch below the cell. 

 Underside of hindwing in the cT dark brown, with a hardly perceptible middle band, in the ? grey-brown, 

 with a broad, pale, proximallv golden-brown-bordered curved band. In several forms thi-oughout Europe 

 except the highest North, even occurring on many islands (Canaries, Sylt, etc.), also in Western Siberia, 

 and Anterior Asia as far as Kurdistan and Persia. Quite a number of names have been given according 

 to the geographical position of the locality as well to accidental differences in pattern and coloration. Apart 

 from the form characterized by the disappearance of ocelli or the appearance of accessory ones (e. g. 

 brigitta. exyninnthea E^p., obliterans: Schiiltz), there are firstly the albinos which have received a name. ab. brigitta 

 Ljmifjh. being the form in which the blackish ground-colour is replaced by dirty white, while the reddish 

 pollens, yellow halfband has remained as such. — ab. pallens Mieg. a much less rare form, has on the contrary, 

 (incrascens. the reddish yellow halfband on the forewing of the ? paled to ivory-white. — As ab. cinerascens htiehs 



