Publ. 25. VI. o'j. EPINEPHELE. By Dr. A. Seitz. 141 



specimens have been described in which the Inand of the cf is very prominent on a silky dust-grey upper- 

 side. — Cinerea Cosmor. has a bluish gloss on the dark upperside; the hindwing is strongly dentate, tinged cinerea. 

 with pink on the underside, and bears two eye-dots; Roumania. — In hot summers one not seldom meets 

 with specimens in which the reddish yellow colour has increased, this colour being represented by a yellowish 

 red dusting on the apical area in the cf , and in the ? by a yellowish red area in the disc of the hindwing. 

 Fi'CHS calls this form, which is similar to a small hispuUa , ab. rufocincta. — hispulla Hb)i. (47b) itself, mjocincta. 

 from Southern Europe, has these characteristics in a stiU more pronounced degree, and is, besides, generally hispulla. 

 broader- winged tlian the nymotypical ,//of/wr/. — fortunata Alph. (47 c) is a j-et paler form. The live d' fortunata. 

 has in its apical area a magnificent golden gloss on a deep black ground, in the ? the ground-colour above 

 is reduced by the extension of the reddish yellow. Moreover, the form is much larger and the basal 

 area of the hindwing is so darkened below that the light discal liand contrasts vividly. This form w^as 

 described from the Canary Isles, but I also found it in Southern Portugal and in North Africa. — telmessia Z. telmessia. 

 (47 b, 48 a) finally is a form from Cyprus and the district of Asia Minor lying opposite and is distinguished 

 by a dififerently shaped scent-patch in the cf. Around the tip of this patch the ground-colour is of a 

 lighter brown, so that the patch appears much brighter, more velvety, and more prominent. In the ? the 

 disc is not ochre-yellow, but bright foxy brown; in both sexes the underside is also a httle different from 

 the nymotypical jurthm. Specimens from Cyprus are said to have a much more rounded forewing , but 

 such variations in shajje occur also elsewhere in Eurojje, tliough as rather rare exceptions. The specimens 

 usuall}' sold as telmessia belong doubtless generallj' to the south-eastern local forms of hispii/fa, the 

 direction of variation of which has still to be more accurately ascertained. We figure 47 b true Cyprian 

 specimens, 48 a a specimen from the Danube in which specimen the characteristics of tehiie.'<s>a are much 

 more strongly expressed. — Here belongs also the form kurdistana Bilhl, in the ?? of wich the half-band kurdistana. 

 of the forewing is separated into spots. — Larva dark green, with a pale green head bearing two eye-dots, 

 a dark dorsal line and a light lateral one. Underside greyish green. Until June on grasses. Pupa greenish 

 3'ellow, with brown markings. The butterflies are on the wing from June until August, and are common 

 everywhere in meadows, on bare places in woods, along the ditches of roads, on railway-banks and even 

 in gai-dens and the plantations of towns. They have an irregular, flapping flight, and settle on stones, 

 bare patches of ground, molehills, etc. In the mountains they ascend to about 5000 feet. 



E. nurag Ghil. (47 c). Consideralil}- smaller than the jurtiHu-fovms, otherwise closely allied to nurag. 

 them. Both sexes with an ochre-yellow distal band, which in the cf is sometimes reduced to an interrupted . 

 half-band of the forewing, but usually, as always in the ?, continues through both the wings; the ground- 

 colour a very pale brown. The underside of the hindwing greyish brown, with a sometines obsolete, mostly 

 but slightly prominent median band. — In Sardinia and Corsica, in June and Jul}', very local, apparently 

 only flying in localities of a certain definite character which are covered with hard grasses. 



E. lycaon. a" blackish-brown with a dot-like apical ocellus in a scarcely lighter field, live specimens 

 having on the wings a magnificent silky gloss, which has sometimes a golden green shimmer. ? with two 

 large ocelli bordered with j'ellowish brown on the forewing, and an irregularly curved pale discal line always 

 edged with a darker colour. The underside of the forewing reddish yellow edged with greyish brown; that 

 of the hindwing dusty grey with an almost imperceptible discal band. From Finland and Northern Russia 

 to North Africa, and from Spain to the Amur. — The nymotypical form lycaon Bott. {^ jurtina Ilbn. cT, lycaon. 

 eudora Esp.) (47 c, d) occurs everj^vhere in the North of the district, in Europe it often goes as far south 

 as the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, and in Asia as far as the southern Palearctic boundary. The upper 

 side of the cfcf is deep blackish brown, and dm-ing lifetime has a silky gloss on account of the shining 

 hairs on the surface of the wings; around the apical ocellus there is a reddish shimmer. The underside of 

 the hindwing is of a uniform earth-l)rown, finely dusted with a darker colour. Tlie ?? have an ochre-coloured 

 distal band on the forewing, in which stand the large eye-dots, which are blind above; the hindwing is dark 

 brown with a yellowish red golden gloss and a pale distal band; ou the tuiderslde it is dark brown, the light 

 discal band being sharply defined only on the basal side. — Besides the well-known variations in the ocelli, which 

 occur in most of the Kphiephcle (schJosscrl, pavonia Vodschow ; biocclhitiis, hisca SdniU:) aljjinisni also occurs, as for 

 instance ab. subalbida Schultz with whitish spots in the forewing; the not very rare dwarfs, which are sometimes subalbida. 

 met with in particularly dry and at the same time high-lying districts, and singly also in the plains, have received 

 the name janirula Esp., based on a cf . — catamelas Stijr. (47 d) is on tlie upper side distinguished only by its janimla. 

 longer silky hairs; the underside of the hindwing is of an even dark brown colour, in the male without the catamelas. 

 dusting, in the ? without the pale discal band; South-East Siberia, Altai and Tian-shan. — paslmelas Sfcfr. pasimelas. 

 from Irkutsk and the Amur, is larger and the yellowish red on the underside of the forewing much reduced 

 or entirely replaced by dark brown. — erebiformis Cosmov. was described from a specimen from Bahiceni erebiformis. 

 in Roumania, which is said to recall Erehia by a very viVid yellowish red distal band on the very dark upper 

 side of the wings. — In catalampra Sl(/r. (47 d) both ocelli on the upper side of the forewing appear in the catalampra. 

 cf on a dull yellowish brown ground, and the underside of the hindwing of the ? is grey with a scarcely 

 lighter margin; from Mongolia. — In mauritanica OberfJi. (47 e), from North Africa, the upper side of the cf mauntanica. 



I 18 



