142 EPINEPHELE. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



is very deep black, the live specimens having a brilliant bronze and copper sheen; also the ? is darker than 

 all the other forms, and the reddish yellow is reduced to two rings around the ocelli and only appears 

 intermedia, exceptionally as a small faint cloud on the disc. — intermedia Stgr. (47 d) has very strongly scalloped hind- 

 wings; the upper side is darker than in lijcaon, but lighter than in mtiiu-itanica. The underside of the hindwing is 

 much more brightly coloured than in the jireceding and forms a transition to rhamnusia. In South-East 

 collina. Europe and Anterior Asia. — coUina Il5b. is a form coming from the mountains of the same countries; the 

 laiiata. upperside of its ? and the underside of both sexes is of a paler colour. — lanata Alph. , from the Cau- 

 casus, lias longer hairs and darker colouring than the nymotypical form, especially the underside of the fore- 

 turanica. wing of the d' is often quite dark brown. — turanica lllihl, from Turkestan, resembles the nymotypical form, 

 libanotica. but has a lighter underside and in the cf a broader scent-stripe. — libanotica i>Ufv. on the other hand is an 

 extremely pale form, which especially on the underside appears as if powdered with white; from the Lebanon, 

 but I obtained specimens exactly similar, though as single exceptions, from Digne in Southern France, and 

 lupinus. such specimens may oftener occur on limestone soil. — lupinus Costa (47 e) is rather considerably 

 larger than the forms so far named; the rusty yellow on the underside of the forewing is brighter, the 

 rhamnusia. underside of the hindwing strongly speckled. Southern Italy, Greece. — rhamnusia Frr. (47 e) finally is 

 the largest form, as large as the form fortunata oi jurtina. The forewing is, on the upper side, covered 

 with a yellowish brown shining silky felt-like pile which is modified to a smooth patch of hairs above the 

 very prominent scent-organ. Tlie underside of the very strongly dentate hindwing is in both sexes variegated 

 sifanica. with little clouds of whitish grey. Sicily. — The upper side of sifanica Gr.-Grsch. (47 f), from Zibat, is very 

 similar that of to the nymotypical form: but the scent-stripe of the o"" is not present, although the tuft of hair 

 lying above it has remained; the apical ocellus on tlie underside of the forewing is enlarged and often has two 

 interposita. pupils, and on the underside of the hindwing there are a few ocelli edged with yellow. — interposita AV.sc/;. 

 Closely allied to the preceding; the forewing of the cf has a bright coppery sheen which is, however, only 

 noticeable in a certain light, and a very broad scent-stripe below the cell. The ?? seldom have another 

 ocellus besides the apical one on the forewing; but some small anal oceUi on the hindwing are almost always 

 perceptible. The latter is, on the underside, grey mixed with white, with more or less obsolescent discal 

 lines. Widely distributed over Central Asia, in the Tian-shan, Ala-tau and Karategin mountains, also in 

 Afghanistan and in Baluchistan, extending into Indian territory. — Larva bright green; the head green with 

 black eye-spots; dorsal line dark, sulxlorsal lines white and lateral lines yellowish; tip of the anal fork red. 

 Pupa green or brown, with wliite markings. The butterflies are on the wing in July and August in stony 

 places, and are fond of settling on the ground. In tlie South I found them in numbers sucking at the 

 flowers of small blue thistles. When disturbed they only fly short distances, and are exceedingly common 

 in their flight-places, though their occurrence is quite local. According to a communication from Herr 

 KiiiJGER, rJuimuiisia often settles in trees, which I also have ol)served in the form mauritanica, which I beat 

 in quantities out of the branches of the cork-oak. 



wagneri. E. wagneri H.-Schciff'. (47 b ?, not cf) is at once recognizable by the apical ocellus in both sexes 



being modified into an elongated transverse oval. But this is only so on the upperside, the apical ocellus 

 on the underside being large and round. The hindwing below with two blind anal ocelli edged with yellow, 

 and a dark discal line distally shaded with a lighter colour. In Armenia, and the neighbouring countries of 

 mandane. Asia Minor and Mesopotamia. — mandane KoU. (47 f), from Persia, is distinguished by the still greater 

 elongation of the apical ocellus, which is almost reduced to a bar, and the paler upperside of the wing, 

 which is especially noticeable in the cf and lends greater prominence to the scent-patch. — Particularly 

 in mountainous regions the butterflies are not rare; they are on the wing from May until July, are very 

 numerous in their flight-places and found in the heat of day in ditches and rocky fissures. 



dyfsdora. E, dysdora Led. {= tristis Gr.-Grsh.) (47 g). Upperside of the forewing with an ochre-yellow distal 



band even in the cf. Underside not unhke that of wagneri, paler yellow, the hindwing not so strongly 

 dentate, Avithout anal ocelli below, and with a straighter discal line. From Persia and Ferghana to Kuldscha 

 dysdorina and the Altai mountains. — dysdorina BUM (41 g), from the Tian-shan, has in the cf the forewing more 

 strongly reddish yellow, this colour extending almost to the base, there being two large black eye-dots edged 

 with yellow on the underside of the hindwing. — In July and August, on bare, sunny and rocky slopes (Ruhl). 



davendra. E. davendra Moore {= roxane Fklr.) (47 g). In the cf the forewing above quite pale orange-yellow, 



in the ? with a half-band of the same colour, in which stand two eye-spots. Below, the forewing of a 



rather duller yellow, the discal line being angulate behind the cell, beyond it several ocelli. Ferghana; 



Kaschmir; Afghanistan to the Indian territory of the North-Western Himalaya, and Baluchistan. According 



to the extension of the scent-strijie in the cfcf, Mooee distinguishes the forms with an especially broad 



iatistigma. scent-stripe as ab. latistigma, wliile he calls the a'cf with a shortened scent-stripe ab. brevistigma and 



tmuisti^^ma 1^'°^*^ ^^'^ ^ narrow one tenuistigma. — comara Led. (= cyri Bien.) (47 g) is the dull dark orange-coloured 



comara. *°''™ ^™'" Turkestan and Persia. — The butterflies are on the wing in June and July on stony slopes and 



are not rare. 



