144 COENONYMPHA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



leander. C. leander Esp. (48c). Upperside of tlie cf almost like avcania, forewing yellowish red edged witli black; 



hindwing dark sooty brown, with the ocelli shining through faintly from the underside. ? rather paler, with 

 a narrower margin on the forewing. Underside yellowish brown, hindwing tinged mth greyish green, with 

 6 similar oceUi, the one situated at the anal angle being sometimes double. From Hungary through Bulgaria 



obscura. to the Black Sea, in the Crimea, the Ural and Volga districts, Asia Minor and Persia. — The form obscura 



Biihl (48c) is smaller and washed with a dark colour, so that the upperside appears uniformly sooty brown; 



iphioides. from Armenia. — iphioides >>tgy. (48 c), from Gastilia, is on the upperside similar to iphis, but the ocelli on the 



underside of the hindwing are verj' large and complete, touching one another with their outer borders. The 



thinly black edge of the wing on the underside, which bears the pale fringes, contrasts strongly with a pale 



ochre-yellow marginal band, which is limited proximally by the metallic line. Caught near San Ildefonso. — 



In May and June. 



iphis. C. iphJS W. r. (^ amyntas Btlr.. mandane Ky.) (48 c). Disc of the forewing of the cT on the upperside 



washed with copper-brown, of the ? with yellowish brown, this colour being sometimes of a darker (ab. siihniijra), 



sometimes of a lighter shade (ah. puUida). Hindwing uniformly blackish brown. Underside of forewing entirely 



without ocelli, rarely with a small, pale, apical ocellus. Hindwing with a few scattered and reduced ocelli on the 



underside. Beyond the middle are 2 large irregular white sinuous patches, either separate or thinly connected, 



by which the nymotypical form is recognized at a glance. The whole of Central and a large part of Northern 



Europe, and North and Central Asia; from England and Belgium to the Pacific Ocean, and from Finland and Livonia 



anaxagoras. to Dahnatia. In ab. anaxagoras Atfsnms, which occurs singly in Central Europe and is prevalent in Eastern 



iphides. Europe, the metallic line on the underside is absent, and the ocelli on the hindwing are reduced. — In iphicles 



Stcjr. {= heroides Chrid.) (48 c), on the other hand, the ocelli of the hindwing are very regular and distinct and 



appear on the upperside in the shape of brownish rings, so that there is a resemblance to hero ; from Central Asia. 



cnrpathica. — carpathica Honii. is a smaller mountain form the ocelli of whose hindwing are entirely or almost entirely ob- 



mahometana. solete; trom the Carpathian ilts. — mahometana Alph. (84 a) also has no ocelli, or at the most a few white dots 



in their place; moreover, the upperside is uniforml}' soot-brown, and the whole underside dusted over with 



iphina. white; from the Tian-shan. ab. iphina iifgr. is a Central- Asiatic form in which the ocelli on the underside 



are bordered with brown ; it most probably does not occur anywhere as the only form of the species. — Larva 



dull green with a blue-green head, dark dorsal stripe and pale lateral one, as well as a red anal fork; spiracles 



yellowish red. Until May on grasses. Pupa green with white-spotted abdomen and dark-edged wing-cases. The 



buttertlies are on the wing in June and July; they are found on grassy roads in woods and in damp meadows 



and are not rare, although there are not often large numbers of them together. The very big-bodied females 



do not often rise more than 1 or 2 feet above the ground. When disturbed they usually fly on only a few 



paces, following the direction of the road and settling again in the grass. 



arcania. C. arcania L. (48 d). Forewing fiery reddish yellow with black distal margin, hindwing dark brown. 



Easily recognised by the underside of the hindwing, whose marginal portion is occupied by a broad white 

 band, which in the nymotypical form interrupts the row of ocelli below the apical e.ye, the latter therefore 

 appearing to be placed on the inside of the white band. All Europe except great Britain, from Scandi- 

 navia to the Mediterranean sea and from Spain and France to the Black sea and Armenia. — Specimens 

 with a very broadly black margin to the forewing and a narrowed and slightly dentate band on the underside 

 of the hindwing, which probably occur among nymotypical specimens everywhere, but especially in the 

 insubrica. South, are considered as ab. insubrica Freij (48 d). — satyrion E^p. (48 d) is a mountain form from the 



satynon. p^\^^ ^^^ Carpathian Mts., which differs greatly from the nymotjpe: on the upperside the cf is mouse-grey 

 and the ? brownish-grey, almost unicolorous; on the underside the white distal band is of even width and 

 bears the very regular row of distinct ocelli exactly in its centre; from about 4000 — 7000 feet. — 

 darwiniana. Transitions between the two have been named ab. darwiniana >>t(jr. (48 d) (= philea Fveij); in the true 

 satyrion the apical ocellus on the underside of the hindwing stands quite at the distal edge of the white 

 submarginal band, while in darwiniana it is shifted inwards beyond the middle of the latter or even stands 



melania. altogether proximally of the band. Alps: Visp, Simplon, Piemont. — ab. melania Obertli. is based on a 

 specimen in which the distal band on the underside of the hindwing is shaded with grej', so that it only 



badensis. contrasts very slightly with the ground-colour. — ab. badensis licuftj is an unimportant aberration, possibly 

 occurring in all flight-places, with anomalous ocelli, distally of which stands a httle white. — Larva green 

 with dark dorsal stripe bordered with a yellowish tint, light subdorsal stripe and pale yellow lateral stripe; 

 head blue-green , mouth and anal fork red. Until May on grasses. Pupa brown , with whitish wing-cases 

 edged with red. Butterflies very conunon in June and July and often flying together in large numbers. 

 At the edge of woods full of undergrowth, but also in the open country and on hills. They affect flying 

 round bushes and settle on the tip of low twigs, but sometimes also fly up into the higher branches of 

 trees. The ?? are much less numerous than the cfcT and appear later. 



arcanioides. C. arcatlloides Pier. (48 e). This butterfly occurs in 2 forms, one smafler and darker and the other 



lai-ger and paler {forma major, 48 e). The former is sooty brown on the upperside with the exception of 

 a rounded patch of yellowish brown on the disc of the forewing, while the whole disc of the forewing of 



