COENONYMPHA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 145 



the latter is a fiery yellowish red. On the underside both forms have reddish yellow forewings with black 

 inner margin and anal angle; the reddish brown hindwings bear a somewhat curved white distal band, 

 beyond which stand some distinct but very small ocelli. The small form, which belongs to the summer 

 brood, has on the underside a pale stripe before the apical ocellus. The butterflies are on the wing from 

 May to the beginning of July in North Africa (Algeria, Morocco) and stray specimens are known 

 from South Spain. They are not rare in the districts of the Atlas countries wliich have an abundant 

 vegetation, but are rather local and never together in large numbers. The two broods overlap, and in 

 the first days of June I often caught fresh specimens of the 2. brood together with worn ones of the 1. 

 The butterflies are beaten out of the bushes overhanging the roads; they have a special preference for 

 blackberry bushes. They have exactly the same habits as the small Eijiti. idacTd' occurring in such places 

 in Algeria, and can hardly be distinguished from these when on the wing. During the hottest part of the 

 day they hide in the dried-up beds of streams and in ditches. They always fly close to the ground, and 

 so often among thorny bushes that they are difficult to get at. 



C. vaucheri Blacli. (48 e). This is the most remarkable of all known forms of Coemnipnpha . On vaudwri. 

 the upperside ochre-yellow with a deep black distal edge; the forewing bearing a huge apical ocellus without 

 a pupil, hindwing with 4 or 5 black submarginal spots in a straight row. On the underside the apical 

 ocellus is pupilled. Pupils as well as eye-dots may be increased in number (ab. geminipiinrfa BJach.). The 

 basal portion of the hindwing is a blackish olive-colour with a white apex to the cell; the distal portion 

 is dirty white and bears 6 equally large pupilled ocelli. — From Morocco, where the insect was found in 

 June, occurring very locallj'. 



C. thyrsis Fn-. (48 e). Nearest to the preceding,, but the apical ocellus not particularly large; the thyrsis. 

 5 dots at the distal margin of the hindwing very minute. On the underside much less variegated and 

 contrasting than raucheri ; the apex of the cell not white; the dirty white distal portion of the hindwing 

 reduced to a pale band on account of the distal margin being broadly dark. — In Gandia, in May and June. 



C. corinna Hbti. (= norax Bon.) (48 f). The smallest Coenonympha. Upperside briUiant yellowish comma. 

 red with broad black apex on all the wings; on the forewing the black colour extends as a submarginal 

 stripe as far as the inner angle. On the underside the hindwing is uniformlj^ j^ellowish red with a small 

 apical ocellus; the hindwing has a darker basal area, and in the lighter marginal portion bears small ocelli 

 of a very diverse development. — elbana Stgr., from the island of Elba, has the apical ocellus of the eLbana. 

 upperside without pupil and the ocelli of the underside of the hindwing are larger. In Sardinia, Corsica 

 and Sicily, locally very plentiful, in May and June and again from July onward. — Larva light green with 

 a pale-bordered dark dorsal line and a dark shaded yellowish side-line. On Garex gynomane, and Triticum 

 cespitosum. Pupa reddish grey with white smears and markings. 



C. dorus Ksp. (= dorilis Blh., dorion Hbn.) (48 f). cf above entirely shaded with soot-colour, doms. 

 except the posterior portion of the disc of the hindwing; ? reddish yellow with a broad black apex and 

 distal margin to both wings. The hindwing above has a curved, proximally convex row of ocelli, which 

 is very irregular on the underside. In South France, Spain and Portugal as well as in Italy, in stony 

 places, not rare, in June and July. — The form austauti Ohnili. has ochre-yellow smears on the forewing austauti. 

 above, the white band on the underside of the hindwing is much more prominent; from western Algeria. — 

 bieli Stgr., from Portugal, has the hindwing above strongly sooty in both sexes, nearly all the reddish bieli. 

 yellow having disappeared from the disc, and the hindwing beneath has the ocelli as well as the metallic 

 line strongly reduced. — andalusica Uibbe has likewise the ocelli on the hindwing beneath strongly reduced, andalusica. 

 whereas the upperside, esi)ecially of the ??, is still bright clay-colour; from South Spain. — In ab. caeca caeca. 

 Oberfh. (48 f) the ocelli are entirely absent from beneath, but the light distal band is present as a uni- 

 colourous area; from the Pyrenees. — The ab. fulvia Obcrth. (from the Lozere), on the contrary, has i\\Q falvia. 

 ocelli developed, but there is no hght scaling around them, so that they are situated direct in the ground- 

 colour. — Nothing is known of the larva of dorus except that it is said (ROhl) to feed on bent-grass (Agrostis). 



C. fettigii Oberfh. (48 f). On the upperside almost like C. dorus austauti, except that the cT has more fettigii. 

 distinct reddish yellow smears below the apical ocellus and the latter is bordered with bright reddish yellow. 

 On the underside the hindwing is dusty grey, in the cf without, in the ? almost without, markings; in the 

 ? there are usually only obsolescent traces of ocelli in the shape of minute rings, and a shght indication 

 of a discal band. — In Algeria, dispersed, but locally common, as at Tlemcen, Sebdou, and also in Morocco ; 

 from June until August; is fond of settling on oak-bushes. 



C. saadi Kol/. (= iphias Ev.) (48 e). Upperside pale sandy yellow like the ? of pamphilus, and at saadi. 

 the most a minute dot in the place of the apical ocellus of the forewing. On the other hand there is a 

 blind ocellus, which is sometimes accompanied by another, before and above the hinder angle of the fore- 

 wing. On the underside of both wings a pale line, basally shaded with a darker colour, I'uns from the 

 costa of the forewing to the anal margin of the hindwing. In Transcaucasia and Persia. — mesopotamica meso- 

 Stgr. is a much paler sandy yellow, lighter also on the underside, with the markings fainter and the accessor}' potamica. 



