146 GOENONYMPHA. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



eye-dot situated above the anal one always absent; Mesopotamia. — The butterflies are on the wing in 

 May and June in sandy places, settle on the bare ground, are not rare, and less restricted to certain flight-places. 



C. amaryllis. Upperside uniformly sandy yellow as in panqjliilus, sometimes, especially in the ?, 

 slightly shaded at the distal margin. Underside pale honey-yellow, hindwing washed with greyish green ; a 

 faint line runs through the disc of the forewing. Rows of ocelli of very diverse development are situated 

 accrescens. before the distal margin. These are most distinct in the form accrescens .SYr/c. from North China and 

 Corea. This form , which is especially common around Pekin (where specimens are found flying about in 

 gardens, yards, and even in the streets), bears on the underside of the forewing 3 or 4 and on the hind- 

 wings 6 almost similar large ocelli with a metallic centre, which appear above as heavy black spots or 

 amaryllis. small rings. — The first-described form, amaryllis Cr. (= amarillis Hbst.) (48 g), which occurs throughout 

 Siberia and Mongolia, from the Ural to the Amur, has still the complete number of ocelli, but they are 

 rinda. rather smaller, and only a few of them shine through above as minute black dots. — In rinda Men. (48 g), 

 from Central and Eastern Siberia, the black ground of the ocelli has almost disappeared, so that the latter 

 evanescens. are very light, and the whole underside of all the wings is strongly dulled with grey. — In evanescens 

 Alph., finality, the ocelli on the underside are obsolete except for a few traces, and on the upperside no 

 pupils can be seen shining through. The metallic line on the underside is also absent. Amdo. — Small 

 ordossi. specimens from Ordos with especially washed-out markings on the underside have been designated ordossi 

 by Alpheeakt. — The butterflies are on the wing in June and July, are common and fond of settling on 

 sandy places and stony mountain-roads or field-paths. 



pavonina. C. pavonina Alph., which is unknown to me from nature, is said to be golden yeflow on the upper- 



side with a blind apical ocellus and a small dark spot before the distal margin of the forewing; on the hind- 

 wing there is a row of blind, brown, distomarginal sjtots. Underside pale ochre-yellow, the basal area of the 

 hindwing being dusted with grey. All the ocelli below are pupilled. — From the Hei-ho river (N. W. China). 

 Perhaps only a strongly diverging form of amaryllis. 



C. pamphilus. Small butterflies which on the upper side are the colour of reddish yellow sand. Fore- 

 wing beneath reddish yellow, bordered with grey and bearing a small pupilled apical ocellus; hindwing diluted 

 with grey, with a shortened, curved, whitish median band shaded with brown. The ocelli are generally com- 

 l)letely absent or only indicated by faint and indistinct vestiges of dots or rings. — The ground-colour of the 

 pamphilus. hindwing of the Northern form, pamphilus L. {= nephele Hbn., menalcas Poda, gardetta Loclie) (48 g) is mouse- 

 grey beneath; it is the only form in the North, and extends throughout North and Central Europe to 

 bipupillata. Anterior Asia, Turkestan, Ferghana and Persia. — In ab. bipupillata Cosm. the apical ocellus is greatly enlarged 

 marginata. and doubly pupilled. — marginata Stgr. (48 g) has a very broad dark distal margin on all the wings, but its 

 underside resembles that of hjJliis. (A broadening of the blackish distal margin occurs in the summer brood 

 lyllns. in many localities.) — lyllus E)<p. is the summer form from Southern Europe, North Africa and the southern 

 part of Anterior Asia. In this form the wings are broader, the apex of the forewing is more rounded, the margin 

 of the hindwing often undulating, the underside of the hindwing not mouse-gre\- but also sandy yellow with 

 thyrsides. a fine, curved, median line. — In thyrsides t^tgr. (48 g), from Sicil}-, Dalmatia and the southern portion of 

 Anterior Asia, of which I also found typical specimens in the valleys of the Atlas, the hindwing on both 

 sides bears a submarginal row of ocelli, which are sometimes pupilled. — Larva bright green with a thin, 

 double, white dorsal stripe and yellow lateral one. Head pale green; throughout the summer on grasses- 

 Pupa stout, green, with darker markings. The l)utterflies are the commonest Satyrids in the whole of Europe 

 and are on the wing from the end of April until October, everywhere on meadows and fallow fields," corn- 

 fields and bare summits of hills. They almost fly only when disturbed, and soon settle again, affecting roads 

 and bare patches of ground, sometimes inclining their always closed wings to one side. Their flight is 

 jumping, slow, and low. They even fly into the towns, wandering over gardens and yards, and one sometimes 

 sees them hopping along on paved streets for traffic, and settling for a moment on the pavement. 



symphita. C. symphjta Led. (48 g). Forewing on both sides as well as the upperside of the hindwing as in 



paiHpldlus:, but the underside of the hindwing yellowish brown, broadly pale grey at the margin, basally 



washed with verdigris-colour, with a submarginal row of 6 very small ocelli. In the Caucasus and Armenia. — 



tiphonides. The form tiphonides ^tgr., from Bulgaria, has whitish smears on the underside of the hindwing, and the 



ocelli, which are already very small in the nymotypical form, are reduced in number. 



tiphon. C. tiphon IMt. (= davus F., tullia 11 Im:] (48 h). U])i)erside sandy yellow, similar to the preceding, 



rather duller; cf without markings, ? with the ocelli shining through. On the underside of the hindwing whitish 

 smears are joined together forming a more or less incomplete median band, beyond which there are some 

 ocelli in the cf and often a complete row in the ?. In Central Europe, especially the Alps, Central and 

 philoxemis. Southern Germany and the Danube countries. — philoxenus Esp. (= rothliebi Stfir.) (48 h) is a rather large 

 northern form, duUed with grey above and strongly ocellated below, from the continental shores of the 

 laidion. North Sea and Great Britain, (said to have occurred also at Lemberg). — ab. laidion Bhh. is a slight 

 deviation from the type, which is a little paler ochre-yellow on the upperside; it is probably found every- 



