APATURA. By H. Sticiiel. 163 



feebly shaded with blackish, the dark spots of the hindwing being reduced in size, roundish and entirely isolated. 

 This conspicuous form may be introduced as ?-ab. sobrina form. nov. (50e). Eastern Central and North China sobrlna. 

 (by Felder also recorded from Japan, apparently erroneously). There occur, with the yellow main form as well 

 as in West Cliina and in apparently identical specimens also in the Shan-States and Upper Burma (Bingham), 

 individuals of a darker tint with the band whitish or (forewing) partly white, approaching serarum Oberth. seramm. 

 (^ = phaedra Leech) (50d). In this subspecies the ground-colour is dark, shot with deep blue in cJ, the markings 

 white, the bands broadened, straight in the hindwing, sharply defined on both sides the hindwing bear- 

 ing a row of small whitish submarginal spots; the ground-colour of the ? is paler, without gloss. West China 

 (Ta-tsien-lu, Omei-shan, etc.) and Central China (Chang-yang), also Yunnan. — Another line of development 

 is represented by a form in which the eye-spots in the anal area of the hind- and also the forewing disappear 

 and the band of the hindwing, though remaining of the same width as before, is more sharply defined. This 

 form, which is found in the most southern districts of Russia, is metis Frr.*) (55e $). It is somewhat smaller '"etis. 

 than typical specimens of the species, and has the wings more sharply angulate, all the markings being ochreous 

 as in dytie and more or less extended; the ocellus-like spot is sometimes altogether wanting in the hindwing, being 

 usually reduced to a dot in the forewing. The 9 paler, with a more or less abundant yellow dusting. — With 

 this main-form (so called on account of its being the first-described) occurs another in which only the sub- 

 marginal band of the hindwing and certain spots in the outer area of the forewing are golden yellow, the markings 

 of the central area remaining white. This is ab. bunea H.-Schdff. (55d) and appears to be found only among the bunea. 

 3 (?•**) — There occur thirdly specimens of both sexes which correspond to the main-form of ilia, having white 

 markings and bearing at the margin of the hindwing only a row of obsolescent whitish spots. We name this 

 form gertraudis form. nov. (55d). It is easily distinguished from ilia by the band of the hindwing being of even gertraudis. 

 width and sharply defined and by the anal ocelli being reduced; the ground-colour of the $ of this form is more 

 or less dark, sometimes almost ashy grey, the markings being diffuse. — Lastly, with the name coelestina Or.- coelesthw. 

 Grsh. are to designated such ^^ of the main-form (metis) which have on the upperside a stronger, delicately 

 sky-blue not violet, gloss. In this form the light marginal band of the hindwing is broadened and extends to 

 the s])ots, with which is united. South-East Russia (Sarepta), Caucasus, and the Altai. — In Japan the species 

 is represented by substituta Btlr. (50d), which is very similar to metis (and therefore often confounded with it), siibstituta. 

 The ground-colour of this form is generally darker, the eye-like spots of both wings are not obsolescent, the sub- 

 marginal spots of tlie hindwing elongate-ovate or rounded-quadrate, instead of arrowhead-shaped or luniform 

 as in metis, and on the underside the band of the hindwing is more distinctly white, contrasting with the ground. 

 Some specimens (from Corea) have the bands of the upperside whitish and therefore recall bunea. Pryer says 

 of this race that the butterflies love to circle around the tops of tall willows , on which feed the larvae , and 

 that they now and again come down to damp places on the road or are resting on the leaves of their chosen 

 tree. The green pupa is not dissimilar in shape and colour to a young willow-leaf. The butterfly, which varies 

 in the depth of the colour, is more abundant in the mountains than in the plains. Tokio , on the Asamayama 

 and Oyama, in Hokaido; according to Leech also in Nortii China and Corea, and according to Staudinger and 

 Heyne on the Amur, Askold, in Suifun and Su-chan. 



A. subcaerulea Leech (50e) is a large and magnificent species, which is not dissimilar on the upperside to subcaemlea. 

 the previous species. However, the basal half is shaded with blue-green in the (J; hindwing without band, the 

 blue-green gloss extended to three-fourths the length; where it fades into the black-brown marginal area 

 there are some brownish spots and in the anal area a black spot, the pale band of the distal margin is spotted 

 with yellow at the veins, and near the edge there is a brownish line, the ground-colour of the underside being 

 whitish blue. The $ is similar to the S, but has on tlie hindwing a more distinct whitish band, which is narrowed 

 towards the hind margin. It greatly resembles an A. iris-^, differing in the shape of the band of the hindwing 

 and in a greenish tint of the dark ground-colour. — West China: Omei-shan, in June and July, and in the 

 province of Kwei-chow. 



A. laverna Leech (51a) recalls A. ilia here in the shape of the wings, but the distal margin of the fore- lavema. 

 wing is more distinctly angulate below the apex and more deeply incurved below this angle. Ground-colour 

 deep ochreous-brown, the markings blackish and similar to those of the subspecies of A. ilia mentioned above, 

 but the rounded spots in the distal area of the hindwing are absent, there being here a narrow blackish band 

 at the outer side of which stands a row of w^hitish spots. $ not known. — West China : Pu-tsu-fong, Wa-ssu- 

 kow, Omei-shan, in June and July, at altitudes of from 1200 — 3000 m. 



A. pallas Leech (51a) is a species with more pointed forewing, somewhat resembling in markings the (J of P''!los. 

 A. iris bieli, but the brownish spots are paler and the black spot in the anal area of the forewing is less distinct. 



*) Herrich-Schaffer, in Syst. Beaib. d. Schmetterl. v. Europa Vol. I , fig. .539—541 , figures a specimen agreeing with 

 Freyer's figure and gives, Suppl. p. 6, Syrmia (= Slavonia) as habitat. The form is also recorded from Hungary and the Buko- 

 vina (Spuler), as well as Bulgaria (Rebel), apparently only in single specimens. 



**) Tiie 5 figured by Herrich-Schaffer fig. 164 as bunea belongs to the main-form metis. 



