ERIBOEA. By H. Stichkl. 169 



after occupy the same restiiifr jilace. Here the butterfly rests with the wings entirely or almost closed, rubbing 

 the hindwing against the forewing in a peculiar way. The flight is extremely: powerful, but at the same time 

 irregular and fluttering, only occasionally swinging or sailing. The species diifer very much from each other as 

 regards abundance. They appear twice a year in the temjierate zone, in the early summer and the autumn, while some 

 occur in the tropics all the year round. The sexes meet for mating on the summits of hills and on tree-tops, where 

 the cfcf lie in wait, darting at the ?? as they rush by. Copulation is sometimes of longer duration. 



9. Genus: £riboea IHm.*) 



Strongly huilt Initterflios. Head broad; eyes large, naked; pai|)i densely scaled, projecting above tbe 

 head; antennae strong, short, below half the length of the forewing, terminating in a feeble club. Forewing a 

 rigbi-angled triangle, apex rather acute; subcostal 5-branched, branches 1 and 2 before the cell-end, .3 and 4 

 soon beyond it, 4 and 5 forming a very long fork, anterior discocellular very short, cell closed. Hindwing distorted- 

 quadrangular, costal margin convex, distal margin strongly undulate, with a projection or tail at tiie 2. and .3. 

 median vein, abdominal margin with deep fold for the reception of tbe abdomen; praecostal forked, cell open. 

 Larva slender, slug-like, naked, head with 4 horns, apex of abdomen with 2 processes. Pupa stout, head binad, 

 truncate. Tbe Initterflies have a strong impetuous fliglit and riMnain generally in the tree-tops. Tiiey suck al 

 decaying animal matter, dung, etc., and have, like the Apaturids, the habit of returning to a particular resting- 

 place w^hen disturbed. 



E. athamas Dm. (61a). Ground-colour of tbe wings greenish; furewing with a more or less extended black atltamas. 

 costal-distal marginal area and one or moi'e subapical spots; hindwing broadly black at the outer and liinder 

 margins, near the former a row of yellowish spots and whitish dots. Underside paler, shaded with silvery white. 

 The species has 2 broods and varies rather considerably according to season. The nymotypical form athamas 

 is on the wing from August to December, the black border is relatively narrow and bears a small subapical 

 spot in addition to tbe larger one, the light-coloured band-like central area of the forewing about as broad 

 as the dark margin, the whitish submarginal spots of the hindwing often very small, the small yellowish spots 

 more or less distinct and pure. $ larger, the wings broader, the light central area of both wings wuder, the sub- 

 apical spots of the forewing larger. — As ab. hamasta Moore (52c) a form is known in which the central area hama^ia. 

 of both wings is widened. Flies in the Himalaya in March; wings somewhat more elongate, the light area of the 

 forewang about twice as broad as the dark margin, the base of both wings and the abdominal margin of the 

 hindwing paler, the inner subapical spot of the forewing large, the exterior one small or absent. Underside 

 paler, the dark discal markings more or less diffuse or absent. — The third named form, bharata Fldr., is inter- blmraia. 

 mediate and flies from April till June. Shape as in athamas, the hindwing sometimes ratiier more triangular. 

 The light area of the forewing ^/., to V3 broader than the dark marginal area, the inner subapical spot of the 

 forewing very much enlarged, on the hindwing the outer edge of the light area crosses the anterior median 

 vein about the middle of its curvature. Underside pale, the black markings of the basal area sometimes less 

 strongly developed than in the main form, the 2. spot in the cell of the forewing sometimes absent, the red 

 postdiscal spots less prominent and more regularly curved. However, the form on the whole does not show 

 any essential differences and moreover is not constant. As a further characteristic it has been mentioned that 

 the light area of the underside is yellow- with white edge. The reduction of the red spots is said to be the 

 most essential difference (Rothschild-Jordan). — The larva of the species is slender, slug-like, dark green, the 

 head with 4 diverging, curved, pointed horns, anal segment cleft into two processes; the sides of the body with 

 yellow oblique stripes, beneath which there is a row of white spots. Pupa thick, ovate-cylindrical, green, shaded 

 with white, back and breast convex, head broad, angulate, truncate; from June till October on Leguminosae; 

 Poinciana regia Boj., Caesalpinia mimosioides Lam., Acacia pennata Willd., Albizzia lebbek Benth., Adenanthera 

 pavonica and Grewia (Tiliaccae); feeds at night. Inhabits Kashmir, South China, N.W. India to Burma and 

 Siam, Chin Mts., Shan States, also Malacca and Tonkin. Also some island-forms are known, which will be dealt 

 with in the vohnne on Exotics. 



E. rothschildi Leech (52c) is the Chinese representative of E. eudamippus Dbl. from India. Upperside rotliscliildi. 

 yellowish green ; forewingwith a black-brown area occupying the base and costal and distal margins, with some spots 

 in the costal area and a double row of spots before the distal margin. Hindwing witii a dark submarginal baiul. 



*) The generic name Eiilepis introduced by F. Moore must be rejected, as it was already employed by Billbero (18^0) 

 tor a division of Ni/mphidium F. , a genus of "Zepliyriids'' (— Lycaenids and Lemoniids) , the only representative mentioned, 

 E. afliatnas (nomen nudum 1) therefore certainly not being the same as attiamas Dru. If a word has been once used as a generic 

 term in zoological nomenclature it cannot be employed again as a name for a genus, bi its place we have to employ Eriboea 

 Hhn. (1816), with athamas Dru. as type. The fixation of the type by Scudder (1875: etheocles Cr.) and by Rothsghu.d-Jordan 

 (1898: brutus Cr.) is incorret, since both species belong to the genus Charaxes s. str. 



