NEPTIS. By H. Stichel. 477 



near the apex of the wing; at. the margin there are two while undulating lines, the white markings are without 



hlack edges in the l)right russet-red ground-colour, and on the forewing there appears, heside the discal spots, 



a sharply defined and undulating white line. The nymotypical form ( ? wet season) is only distinguislied from the 



one just described by the subcostal spots of the forewing being confluent, forming an abbreviated band, and 



by the whitish lines pi'esent between the bands of the hindwing in that form becoming obsolete; moreover, 



the ground-colour of the underside is darker and the bands on the hiiidwing are narrowei'. The larva has been 



found on Celtis australis (NicSville). Himalayas as far as Kashmir, ? Afghanistan, up to 2900 m, Tenasserim. 



— extensa Leech (53f) is an unimportant local form with a broader and shortened apical s]iot, and narrower extensa. 



band on the hindwing; the outer band of tlie hindwing, moreover, is separated into spots, and the intermediate 



and marginal lines present in the dark ground-colour of the underside are shaded with grey. West China. — 



tibetana Moore (= soma Leech not Moore) (.54a) seems to be the dry-season form of the jireceding. It is a little tibetann. 



smaller, tiie spots on the upperside an- isolated and of a dull colour, the ground-colour of the underside almost 



brown, the bands on the hindwing narrower. West China, June and July, at heights up to about 2700 m. 



Several named forms, which fly in the same district as and are very similar in niiuking to the preceding, 

 seem to belong to a distinct species with broader wings, of which A^. nundina Moore from Java must be regarded 

 as the nomenclatorial type. These are adipala Moore (.53 f) with small spots and narrow bands, the spots being udipaln- 

 rather dull, and susruta Leech (53f) with larger spots and broader bands on the hindwing ( ? rainy season form), susruta. 

 Otherwise the markings are as in the preceding species, so that oidy the form of the wings can be considered 

 as specific difference. In the mahendra-kwms the apex in the ^ is angular*), the margin of the wing below it 

 slightly obtusely angled, then almost straight, and the costal margin of the hindwing obtusely angulate in the 

 centre, while in this species tlie ajiex of the forewing is rounded also in the cJ, the distal margin slightly convex 

 and the costal margin of the hindwing more regularly curved. Chinese specimens of susruta are according to 

 Leech darker on the underside than Indian ones, and the marginal band of the hindwing is said to be more 

 oblique in position, also adipala from China differs from Indian sjiecimen in the position of the bands of the 

 hindwing and on the underside in the basal costal streak of tlie hindwing being shorter, the white marginal 

 band, moreover, being wanting. West China, Sikkim, Bhutan, southward to Tenasserim. 



N. sankara Koll. (^ amba Moore) is the first of a series of species of this genus which appear in a white- sankam. 

 marked and a yellow-marked form. The nymotypical subspecies is on the whole distinguished from the next 

 one (antonia) only by the markings being white; in the dry season it appears as a rather smaller form, amboides amboides. 

 Moore, with enlarged white markings, especially with an almost complete row of elongate spots in the outer 

 area of the forewing. Kashmir, West Himalaya, Nepal, at altitudes from 600 to 1500 m. Usually found at 

 or above rivers (NicfiviLLE), flying low over the ground in the shade of trees and rocks (Lang). — In West China, 

 at Mupin and Tshiakuho, the species appears exclusively with yellow markings: antonia Oberth. (= amba Leech antonin 

 nee Moore) (54a), occurring together with sinica Moore on the Omei-shan and Wa-shan, again a white-marked sinica. 

 race, which differs from the Himalayan race in the ground-colour being deeper black and the stripes and bands 

 narrower, and especially in the underside bearing only one submarginal row of lunules. From the distribution 

 it appears that sinica is becoming a sejiaratc subsjtecies towards the east in Central China (Chang-Yang), 

 whence Leech only received this while-spotted form. 



N. narai/ana Moore, which is white-spotted in India, is represented in West China by^ie yellow-marked 

 Sylvia Oberth. (54a).- llpperside of forewing with heavy cell-streak, from which the hastate apical spot is but sylvia. 

 incompletely separated, before the latter at the costa a small double spot, beyond which there are 3 oblique 

 subapical spots separated only by the veins, a largei' double spot being present in the distal area and at the 

 hindmargin, hindwing with a broad median band and beyond the same a narrow distal band. Siaolou, Tientsin. 

 The spots above are smaller and darker yellow and the ground-colour of the underside is more strongly 

 brownish than in the otherwise similar ab. nana Nicev., which occurs in the Himalaya together with nymo- nana. 

 typical naraijana and has also been found at Tsekou in West China. 



N. radha Moore, from Sikkim, is a large yellow-spotted species, bearing on the forewing above a heavy 

 basal streak which is apically widened and extends a little below the 3. radial. There are also present: 2 small 

 costal spots, an oblique short subapical macular band, a large double spot in the distal area, as continuation 

 of the same some continuous hindmarginal spots shifted niorel)asad, and at the distal margin a narrow indistinct 

 band. Hindwing with 2 bands, the inner one broad and oblique, the outer one anteriorly curved basad and almost 

 touching the former, between them as well as near the margin an obsolescent line; the underside bears on a 

 violet-brown ground 2 light bands, between which there is a reddish brown dentate line, while there are 2 rows 

 of contiguous lunules at the distal margin and brown spots in the costal area. — In West China flies a form 

 of this species, sinensis O^er^A., which is darker above, the yellow spots being reduced in size, paler and somewhat sinensis. 

 shaded with browji. Siaolou, INIoupin. 



*) These characters are taken from tlie figures in Leech, Butterfl. from China. Japan, and Corea. 



