Pubi. 3. VII. 09. LIMENITIS. By H. SticheL. 181 



by the cremaster on the upperside of a leaf. The butterflies are very diverse in colour and pattern, with 

 similar habits as the Apaluras. They have a somewhat weaker, though no less elegant flight, love to rest with 

 spread wings on projecting branches of trees, and come down to the ground in order to imbibe moisture; certain 

 species can be attracted by decaying animal matter, others visit flowers. 



The genus has likewise been divided by F. Moore into a number of separate genera (Lep. Ind., vol. 3). 

 We restrict ourselves to mentioning them here as far as they are based on types which we consider to be Palae- 

 arctic species: Hypolimnesthes Moore (type: H. albomaculuta) , Patsuia Moore (type: P. sinensium) , Sinimia 

 Moore (S. ciocolatina), ChaUnga Moore (type: C. elwesi) , Litinga Moore (type: L. coitoni), and Ladoga Moore 

 (type: L. Camilla L.). — Some species (forms), like L. homeyeri, pryeri, a. o., were placed by Leech in a genus 

 Parathyma, which Moore separated from Pantoporia f= A thy ma). 



Distributed over Europe, Asia, the Indo-Au.stralian territories and North-America. 



L. sydyi Led. ($ 57a). Blackish brown, with white spots on the forewing and a strongly elbowed white sydyi. 

 band on the hindwing; at the apex of the forewing, especially in the $, some reddish brown smears. Underside 

 for the most part brownish, the hindwing bluish at the base and abdominal margin, in the distal area with 2 

 rows of blackish spots, the spots of the outer row being lunate and forming the borders of a further row of whitish 

 spots. The $? have a less intense ground-colour, the whitish submarginal spots of the hindwing and the light 

 and reddish patches in the cell of the forewing are more distinct. Altai, Central and West China. — latefasciata latcfasciata. 

 Men. (57a) is characterized by the spots and bands being considerably enlarged. On the forewing the spots in the 

 outer area are band-like, on the hindwing the median band is strongly widened and the whitish submarginal 

 spots are more distinct. The ground-colour of the ^ has often a somewhat violet sheen and the white markings, 

 when viewed obliquely, have likewise a bluish tint. In specimens from Corea the band of the S is said to be 

 specially broad and that of the $ on the contrary to be narrower and interrupted (Fixsen). Larva in June on 

 Spiraea salicifolia. Amur, Ussuri, Corea, Japan. 



L. Camilla L. (= sibilla L., aucl. cet.)*) (57a, b). Very similar to the preceding species; however, the Camilla. 

 position of the spots of the forewing is different and the band of the hindwing is but slightly curved, not elbowed ; 

 on the underside the black spots in the marginal area of the hindwing are all rounded, tiiere being no band of 

 light spots outside them as in sydyi. In ab. obliterata Shipp the white markings are strongly reduced, the spots obliterata. 

 of the forewing are but indicated by indistinct scaling, on the hindwing the band is likewise dull, as a rule being 

 more distinct only at the hind angle, the veins somewhat dusted with whitish; the underside darkened. Not 

 very rare in Continental Europe and England (New Forest), ab. nigrina Weym., which has very rarely been nigrina. 

 met with here and there in nature among ordinary specimens (Elberfeld, Beuron on the Danube) represents 

 the extreme of this direction of development, the upperside having become uniformly black without any 

 markings. Egg globular, somewhat depressed, the surface divided into hexagonal cells, singly on the leaves 

 of the fcodplant: Lonicera xylosteum L. , L. periclymenum L. and L. caprifolium L. For the deposition 

 of the eggs low twigs of plants growing in shady places of woods are preferred. Larva green, dotted 

 with white, on the back two rows of reddish brown thorny projections, head red, indented, with two white 

 stripes; on the sides of the body above the legs a yellowish white longitudinal stripe, venter brown; adult 

 42 — 45 mm long. The larva spins a pad on its resting place and moves slowly and in jerks; it hibernates 

 young in a leaf spun together or in a web on a twig. Pupa suspended from a leaf, whitish green, with 

 metallic spots, angular, with a beak -like tubercle on the back; head with two projections. The butterfly 

 in May, June and July; it loves to suck at the flowers of brambles. Central Europe, inclusive of Italy, Trans- 

 sylvania, Hungary, South Russia, Baltic Provinces of Russia, Denmark. — In Carniolia the species has developed 

 into an almost constant local race, which bears the name angustefasciata Streckf. (= stenotaenia Hour.). In anguste- 

 this form the white markings are essentially reduced, the band of the hindwing only being about half as wide fosciata. 

 as in the nymotypical form; on the underside the ground-colour is darker, the basal area of the hindwing being 

 slate-colour. — A similar subspecies is japonica Men. (= angustata Stgr.) (57h), which its author erroneously japonka. 

 considered to be a variety of sydyi. In the cJ of this form the subapical spots of the forewing are narrowed, 

 the interspaces between them being broader, the hindmarginal spots are reduced to about half the normal size, 

 and the band of the hindwing is narrower and rather more curved; the differences are less conspicuous in the $, 

 both sexes, however, are larger than the European race. Japan, Corea, Amurland, Ussuri. 



L. helmanni Led. (57b) has the ground-colour blackish lu-own, the pattern being similar to that of the helmanni. 

 preceding species; the cell of the forewing, however, bears a whitish basal streak followed distally by a white 

 acutely triangular spot; the while spots of the central area are small and isolated, and the band of the hindwing, 

 which is directed towards the centre of the hindmargin, is composed of separated spots. On the hindwing above 

 there are sometimes small, whitish, elongate, submarginal spots. Central Asia: Altai, eastern districts of Amur- 



*) For our opinion a.s to the application of these names we refer the reader to Ent. Zeiischr. , Stuttgart, Vol. 21 

 (1907), p. 29, .35. 



I 23 



