LIMENITIS. By H. Stichel. 183 



ments with cold; thi' wliite markings of the iipper.side are absent, tiie prevalent colour of the underside being 

 ryssel red. Transitions are known. — Larva green, on the back 2 rows of red thorns, on the side a white longi- 

 tudinal stripe, venter, prolegs and head red-brown, the last dotted with white; adult 42 — 45 mm long; on 

 Lonicera periclymenum, xylosteum, capi'ifolium, tartaricum, and Symphoricarpus racemosus, hibernates 

 young in a web between the branches of a forked twig, being full grown early in May if the season is favourable. 

 Pupa suspended, brown or yellowish brown, with some small metallic spots (RtJHL). Central and South Europe 

 (about from the SI** southward), Asia Minor. — In Da'lmatia (Gravosa), South France (Digne), presumably 

 also in the interjacent southern districts, an enlarged form is found in which the white markings are 

 conspicuously widened; we introduce it as herculeana siibsp. nov. ($ 57c). The costal spots of the forewing hercutcana. 

 are so broadened as to form a band, both spots before the hindmargin and the band of the hindwing have 

 twice the ordinary width. — On the other hand reducta St^r., from Armenia and Persia, is a race with the reducto. 

 spots reduced and the band narrowed. 



L. COttini Oberth. (57d) bears on the black ground of the upnerside some obsolescent spots in the basal coitini. 

 area, a dull macular band in the middle and a row of dull submarginal dots on both wings, as well as some 

 small subcostal spots on the forewing. On the underside all the markings are larger, the ground-colour is reddish 

 brown. The ? does not much differ from the ^J, only being somewhat larger and the spots of the upperside purer 

 white. — Common and widely distributed in West China. 



L. elwesi Oberth. (57d). The ground-colour black-brown, with white spots, the submarginal spots of both elwesi. 

 wings obsolete. Beneath the apical area of the forewing and the whole hindwing red-brown, the spots larger, 

 those of the central row of the hindwing united to a narrow continuous hand. $ not known. — Tibet: Tse-kou, 

 Chow-pin-sa, May — June, at an altitude of about 1000 m. 



L. trivena Moore*) is of a black-brown ground-colour, with a white band in tlie middle of both wings, trivena. 

 On the forewing the band starts at the costal margin beyond the cell, runs obliquely to the 1. median branch, 

 then turns backwards, where it is separated into 3 spots; on the hindwing the band is moderately broad and 

 remains continuous, only being transsected by the blackish veins. On the forewing, moreover, there are an elon- 

 gate cell-spot and 2 subapical spots, all white. The margin of both wings is somewhat paler, with a blackish 

 submarginal line and a row of whitish dots on the hindwing. Underside like upper, but the ground-colour much 

 lighter. $ somewhat larger, the white markings wider, especially the spots in the marginal area of the hindwing, 

 which are accompanied by black lunules. Size as in L. elwesi. North-West Himalaya, Kashmir, at 2000 — 

 2400 m, in oak-woods (Quercus incana und semicaprifolia). Has a quick, but sometimes slower, flight, floating 

 in and out of the sunshine. — In the same district occurs llgyes Hew., presumably a seasonal form, which differs Ugyes. 

 from the preceding only in the somewhat lighter groimd-colour, in all the markings being distinctly enlarged 

 and the single spots in the posterior area of the forewing united with the anterior band to one continuous median 

 band. In the marginal area of both wings appears a row of dark spots, and the cell of the forewing bears in 

 the (^ a reddish brown patch beyond the white spot. Underside light ochreous brown, the band strongly 

 broadened on both wings. Of this forms there occur transitions towards — hydaspes Moore, which has the discal fiydaspes. 

 spots isolated and reduced, the upperside, especially in the marginal area, being variegated with reddish brown; 

 this tint is less distinct on the forewing, being present along each side of a submarginal row of blackish spots, 

 while on the hindwing it forms almost as in lepechini long wedge-shaped spots, in which is placed a continuous 

 row of black halfmoons. Plentiful in Kashmir. — In lepechini Ersch. (9 57d, (J 57d erroneously named trivena) h'pcduni. 

 the brownish colour in the marginal area and in the cell of the forewing (there obsolescent) is most strongly 

 developed. The white markings resemble those of trivena. The sexes are similar, the $ differing only in the 

 spots being larger and paler. Turkestan: Sarafshan, north-western Pamir. 



L. sinensium Oberth. (56e) is similar to elwesi in the position of the spots; the wings are more rounded, sinensium. 

 the spots are light reddish Ijrowu, there is, moreover, a larger brownish patch in the cell of the hindwing and 

 the outer row of spots is more evenly curved. Underside yellowish brown and grey, with black veins, the mark- 

 ings of the forewing being similar as above; on the hindwing there is only an angulate dark brown discal band, 

 a s)d:)marginal band shaded with brown, and a brown margin. 9 larger, the spots of the upperside paler. — 

 North and West China: Peking, Moupin, Ta-lsien-lu, Wa-shan, Wa-ssu-kou, Pu-tsu-fong; June, July, up to 

 about 3000 m. 



L. pratti Leeeh (56d) has the ground-colour grey with a slight greenish tint, the markings being similar prcttti. 

 to those of lepechini, differing however from the latter in the middle spots of the distal row standing nearer the 

 cell. The submarginal spots of both wings are white, this colour being prevalent on the underside in conse- 

 quence of the increase in size of the markings. — Central China: Chang- Yang. 



*) PI. 57 row 3 named trivaia Moore is lepechini <f. 



