1 



186 PANTOPORIA. By H. Stichel. 



laterally above the legs short bristles, the head with a belt of spikes; they feed on Rubiaceae, Euphorbiaceae 

 and Oleaceae. Pupa suspended, the thorax laterally dilated, an the back two flat lobes curved 

 towards each other, the head with 2 long processes or broad diverging horns. The butterflies fly mostly 

 in the woods, only P. perius is found everywhere in the neighbourhood of human dwellings; however, all are 

 fond of sunshine and fly usually on clearings and at the edge of woods where there are plenty of flowers. Most 

 species occur at altitudes of from 600 to 1500- m, some ascending into the alpine region. They are powerful 

 fliers which move in rapid jerks, but do not like to be on the wing for longer distances, settling frequently with 

 spread wings on the leaves of trees and buslies (Fruhstorfer). The genus is distributed from China through 

 India to the Malay Archipelago (with interruptions) and the Philippines, also being represented on the 

 Solomon Islands. 



e/wesi. p. elwesi Leech (59a) is the representative of P. asiira Moore from the Himalayas and the adjacent districts 



of India. The species is characterized by the chain of black spots situated in the white macidar band of the 

 hindwing, which is also well marked on the forewing beneath. The (J of the form here dealt with differs from 

 that of the nymotypical subspecies in the white markings being reduced, the $ having the markings about 

 as large as in the cJ of the Indian race. Central Cliina: Chang-Yang; West China: Moupin, C)mei-shan, Wa-shan, 

 Chow-pin-sa; in June and July at an altitude of 1000 m, appears to be rare everywhere. — This and the 

 following forms have the cell of the forewing usually open. 



jinotdes. p_ jjnoides Moore is a form of the species jina Moore and resembles fortnna Leech (comp. 59d). Ground- 



colour deep black, the markings white, in the cell of the forewing a long narrow streak, beyond the cell from 

 the costa backwards 3 spots which form a short oblique band, behind these but somewhat shifted towards 

 the distal margin a single ovate spot continued obliquely towards the middle of the hindmargin by a band- 

 like row of spots, of which the first is isolated, while the other 3 are only separated from each other by the 

 veins; moreover, there is near the margin a row of smaller spots which is interrupted in the middle by the discal 

 spot being shifted distad and is anteriorly farther away from the margin. Hindwing with a broad complete 

 median band and a row of lunules near the margin, the latter bearing also a deeper black line. Underside 

 red-brown, the markings as above, there being also a row of distinct marginal lunules on both wings. The 

 pattern as in the nymotypical subspecies (jina), but the markings narrower and reduced. Not rare in West 

 and Central China, in June and July, up to 1800 m. 



fortnna. p_ fortuna Leech (59d) is a similar species, with a radiating cell-slripe, an angulate and interrupted band 



on the forewing, a complete and a macular band an the hindwing, without submarginal spots on Ihe forewing. 

 diffusa. \^ ^Y, diffusa Leech (59d) all these markings, especially the macular band of the forewing, are much widened, 

 being partly shaded with bluish. — Central China: Chang-Yang, Ichang, in June and July. 



perms. p_ perjys I, (59a). Also similar to jina. but the cell-stripe separated into spots and the position of the 



spots of the band on the forewing, moreover, somewhat different. On the underside, which has a pale ochreous 

 ground-colour, there is again a row of black spots in the external band of the hindwing as in elwesi. Larva 

 on Glochidion-species (Euphorbiaceae) in March, cylindrical, green, the head black with red tiiorns, on the 

 back 2 rows, on the side one row of red branching thorns, the anterior ones shorter j)ut the i)airs unequal, 

 so that te thorns of the 5., 7., 9., 11. and 13. segments are shorter than on the others; venter and legs reddish. 

 Pupa brown, the wing-cases projecting, on the back a beak-like process curved downward and below the same 

 another curved upward, the head with 2 pointed horns. The butterfly deposits the eggs panticularly on young 

 shoots from the roots of the food-plant. The nymotypical subspecies in India, Burma to the Malay Peninsula, 

 northward to South China (Hongkong) and extending in the Himalaya to Kashmir. 



serica. 



P. serica Leech (59a) is to be regarded a subspecies of P. ranga Moore, being the first of the series of 

 forms in wliich the cell of forewing is usually closed, serica deviates a little from the tyjie of the allied species; 

 there appear light spots in the basal area of the forewing, the discal band is obsolescent anteriorly, being only 

 posteriorly represented by some larger well-developed spots, which are partly somewhat shaded with bluish. 

 serica differs from the nymotypical race, which has two seasonal forms, in being darker throughout and in 

 the white markings being reduced. Sparsely in West China in June and July, up to about 1600 m. 



P. cama Moore (3* 59b, $ 55e) touches in the Nordwest the Palaearctic territory (Kashmir) and is here 

 mentioned for the sake of completeness. In Sikkim the nymotypical subspecies is seasonelly dimorphic, the 

 dry-season form, which is paler beneath, being named camida. There is remarkable sexual dimorphism. The 

 species will more fully be dealt among the Exotics. Distributed in the Himalayas as far as Upper Burma. 



