188 STIBOGHIONA; AUZAKIA. By H. Stichel. 



punctata. P. punctata Leech (59c) differs in facies entirely from the other species of the genus, bearing above on a 



black ground whitish violet spots, which recall Hypolimnas misippus as in the case of Limenitis alhomaculata. 

 The underside is brownish, markings similar as above, but broader, and the discal spot of the hindwing is 

 enlarged to a broad band. The ? (61c) is essentially different, the brownish markings on a dark ground more 

 bearinw the general character of the genus. — Centi'al Ciiina: Chang- Yang; West China: Ta-tsien-lu, Moupin. 



6. Genus: ^tibocliioiia Bih: 



Similar to the preceding genus in the structure of the body and wings, buL the upperside lilack-i)ro\vn 

 with few white spots; hindwing with blue rings at the margin or blue marginal band. Head broad, eyes naked, 

 palpi short, antennae above half the length of the forewing, with feeble club. Forewing a rectangular triangle, 

 the apex rather pointed in the ^, somewhat rounded in the ?; the subcostal 5-branched, one branch before 

 the cell-end, the second branch close to the upper angle or from the same. Cell of both wings closed. Hind- 

 wing almost triangular, apex rounded, anal angle in the $ rather pointed, in the $ more rounded, precostal 

 erect, simple, its apex curved outward. The butterflies are lively fliers, being found in and near shrubby woods. 

 Nothing is known of the early stages. Only one species in our Region. 



■ 



nicea. S. nlcea Gray {= Adolias dolope Fldr.) (52a). ^ : Upperside black, on the forewing two bluish cell-dots, 



beyond the cell 2 — 3 white ones, uimn which follows a curved incomplete row of white dots and finally a 

 complete row of white subniarginal spots, on the proximal side of wliich there are, moreover, more or less distinctly 

 visible blue lunules. Hindwing at the margin with a row of ring-spots, which are proximally blue and distally 

 white. Fringes of forewing black and white, of hindwing entirely white. Underside blackish brown, with 

 a feeble violet tint, the white spots and dots more distinct and numerous. $ larger, upperside with greenish 

 sheen, all the markings more complete, the hindwing with a greenish band of lunules near the row of rings. 

 Fbes fast and lively, keeping along the edges of the shrubbs and appears sometimes here sometimes there in 

 the open, settling often on trees and bushes with wide-spread wings, occasionally also on the underside of 

 leaves, being easy to catch (XicfiviLLE). Distributed in North-India: Himalaya as far as Kashmir, Assam and 

 West China. ' * 



C. Subfamily: Euthaliinae. 



The Eatliulilnue throughout are large butterflies, of a dark ground-colour. Head large, with broad frons 

 and large eyes. Antennae very long, quite gradually incrassate to a club ; palpi of medium length, pointed, porrect, 

 smooth-hairy; tongue in live specimens transparent grass-green as in Apatura. Thorax broad and strong, abdomen 

 short, hardly above half the length of the abdominal margin of the hindwing. The wing hard and strong; forewing 

 with strongly curved costal margin, long hindmargin and often an incurved distal margin. The hindwino- in many 

 55 uncommonly large, in the cfcf the anal angle often produced. Cell of both wings usually open as in many very 

 strong fliers. — The larvae are green , very soft , without thorns on the back , often with bright-coloured dorsal 

 markings; each segment has (in the known species) on each side a long feathery appendage, these processes 

 surround the resting larva like rays, so that the larva lying on the midrib covers the whole surface of the leaf, to 

 which the feathers are closely applied. These processes of the larvae of many species cause a painful burning if one 

 touches the larva with a tender part of the skin. The larvae live on trees, especially Mangifera indica and gabon- 

 ensis , where one finds it at the tips of twigs of the lower branches. The pupae are dull green , fastened close 

 to the midrib of a leaf, with very strong thorax and quite short obtuse abdomen ; the latter carinate above, produced 

 into a pointed process behind the thorax , which gives the pupa a very peculiar f acies , the more as the surface is 

 ornamented with red and golden dots and stripes. — The butterflies are found in all localities where there are 

 orchards, in gardens, plantations, but also in the forest on clearings and the edges of thickets. The flight is that 

 of Apatura, being fast and powerful, darting, with short abrupt movements of the wings. They never visit flowers, 

 but suck ravenously at fallen off fruit and kitchen-refuse, rarer on moist spots on the roads. During the day they 

 keep to the shade of the trees; in the afternoon they are mostly found in the tree-tops, where the o^cT rest on 

 the liighest twigs, sitting so close that one can easily take them off with a net on a long pole. The cfcf of the 

 large species of Enthalia, when in the net, make violet endeavours with their strong wing-nuiscles to get out, so 

 that one can hardly keep them between the fingers. If a cf has been caught, at once another occupies the place 

 which has become vacant, so that I thus once in China caught 34 Eittlialia-d'cf' one after the other from the same 

 leaf of a tree. — The Eiitliah'/nae are distributed over the forest-region of South Asia und Africa; many species 

 are very abundant and belong in the tropics of the Old World to the butterflies characteristic for the respective 



districts (A. Skitz). 



1. Genus: Aiizakia Moon 



Apart from facies, this genus differs from Limenitis especially in the cell of both wings being closed by 

 transverse veins. The species have hairy eyes and are strongly built and dull coloured butterflies, the sexes 

 being somewhat dimorphic. Forewing a rectangular triangle, with strongly marked costal markings and pointed, 



