Puhl. 11. VIII. 00. JUNONIA. By H. Sticiiel. .197 



Larva cylindrical, with branched thorns, the head willi short bristles; on Acanthaceae. Pupa suspended, 

 with small wartlike tubercles on the back. The butterflies are fast fliers, and are fond of sitting with 

 spread wings on the ground ; they visit flowers and therefore are frequently met with in tlie gardens of 

 planters. 



J. ipliita Cr. (61e). Greyish brown with darker shades; a row of small ocelli in the hindwing. Two broods, iphita. 

 the wet-season form being nymotypical. This form is the larger one, witii the wings less angulate and more 

 brightly coloured, especially on the underside, than in the dry-season form, the latter being named siccata siccata. 

 Fruhst. (62a). — The larva feeds on Strobilanthus callosus AVra (Acantliaceae), and is cylindrical, dark brown 

 with russet-red head, the segments bearing short branched thorns. Pupa short, grey or sooty, with small 

 tubercles on the back. The butterfly is abundant where it occurs; it has a somewhat bold flight, but only for 

 short distances, and sometimes settles on the ground or on bushes (iXicfirviLLE). It is active throughout the day, 

 apparently not being influenced by the weather, flying also while it rains (Fruhstorfer). Chiefly inhabits 

 Continental India as far as the Malay Peninsula, Ceylon and Sumatra, but extends into the Palaearctic 

 Region in the North West in Kashmir as well as in Western and Central China. 



J. almana L. (62a). Reddish brown with black costal spots on the forewing and a large ocellus on each c.lmana. 

 wing. Likewise in two broods. The dry-season form (nymotypical) resemldes the preceding species in tht 

 shape of the wings, but the hindwing is somewhat angulate at the o. radial. Tlie rainy-season form, asterie L. aslerie. 

 (62a), has less angular wings, the eye-spots and the other markings are more strongly developed, the coloui 

 is on the whole deeper, the paler underside bearing sharply marked transverse bands and undulate lines as well 

 as bright eye-spots, which are almost entirely wanting in the nymotypical form. The larva feeds like that 

 of the preceding species on Acanthaceae (Hygrophila spinosa And.) Very widely distributed. Occurs in South 

 and North India, extending to the Malay Peninsula and the neighbouring and Malayan islands: Andamans, 

 Nicobars, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (partly in named varieties, which will be dealt with among the Exotics), 

 being also found on Formosa, the Philippines, in China (Ning-po) and Japan (Ishigaki). 



J/hierta F. (= oenone Cr.) (62b).i,; Ground-colour black, both wings however bearing a light golden hicrta. 

 yellow, irregular patch, which occupies the greater part of tiie wings; the hindwing; moreover, bears anteriorly 

 a blue spot. In the $ there appear on the forewing some dark brown costal spots and posteriorly a blue- 

 centred ocellus, which is also present in the S but blind; the hindwing with 2 smaller ocelli in the yellow area. 

 The underside of the forewing is for the greater part light ociireous, that of the hindwing being grey with brown 

 shadows and brown transverse lines. — The larva feeds on Hygrophila spinosa And. (Acanthaceae); it is cylindri- 

 cal, with short hairs and branched black thorns; ground-colour sooty grey, beneath dull reddisii, with a pale 

 yellow dorsal line and whitish lateral spots. Pupa dull reddish, the head obtuse, on the back and sides small 

 black tubercles (Moore). Distributed from Ceylon, the Andamans, Nicobars, the Mergui Archipelago and 

 Tenasserim throughout India to the Himalayas and South and West China. — crebrene Trim. (62b) is the crebrene. 

 representative of the species in Africa and Anterior Asia. This form is smaller, the yellow patches are paler, 

 with an orange tint at their edges, being also somewhat differently shaped, especially in the ?. Syria, 

 Arabia, Africa. 



J. orithya L. {$ 62b) varies according to season. The rainy-season form is nymotypical; it has the wings orithya. 

 less angulate; in the S Hie ocelli of the forewing are small, the bluish violet area of the hindwing on the contrary 

 occupies nearly the whole wing. In the $ (62e) the blue sometimes disappears entirely or is restricted to the 

 distal part of the wing; the ground-colour is brown, the cell of the forewing bears reddish markings, the ocelli 

 of the forewing are surrounded by reddish brown and those of the hindwing are for the greater part reddish. 

 Underside of a light ochreous yellow tint, the hindwing with brownish undulate lines, tlie forewing marked 

 as above. — isocratia Hbn. is the dry-season form with the distal margin of the forewing produced into a pointed isocratia. 

 lobe; the ^ abundantly marked with blue, which has a greenish tint, the ocelli ringed with red, the underside 

 of the hindwing ashy grey. ? variable, either with rather abundant blue colour on the hindwing (62b), or the 

 ground unicolorous, the blue area only being indicated by a grey distal zone; on the forewing usually some 

 blue scaling behind the well developed posterior ocellus. — This species, whose larva has the same food-plant 

 as that of the preceding one, is widely distributed (as far as Australia and the South Sea Islands, as well as 

 Africa) and has been separated into a number of subspecies, which will be dealt with among the Exotics. In 

 South-West China the nymotypical subspecies touches the Palaearctic territory, and has also been recorded 

 from South Japan, Hainan and tiie Liu-Kiu Islands. — here Lang is a smaller local form. The blue of the here. 

 forewing is more extended, being continued in the shape of a band along the white costal oblique band and 

 including the posterior ocellus (which has no reddish ring); in the cell there are some blue subcostal spots, 

 but no reddish ones. The basal half of the hindwing is black, the outer area blue, the ocelli are more or less 

 T 25 



