206 



POLYGONIA. By H. Stichel. 



costal Spot, and there is beyond the apex of the cell a larger elongate blue spot placed obliquely to the band; 

 the hindwing bears black dots in the band and a more or less distinct blue line near the margin. Underside 

 more or less clouded, pencilled and marmorated with brown and whitish, bearing a rather distinct median 

 band with irregularly dentate edges and a small \\hitish hastate mark in the centre, at least on the hindwing. 

 The larva bears alternate orange and white belts, and is ornamented with black spots and dots, and also 

 bears whitish, branched spines with blackish tips. Pupa suspended, reddish brown, with metallic spots, the 

 back with a row of small tubercles, the thorax w'ith beak-like projection and the head with 2 curved liorns. 

 The butterfly has a swift flight, is very lively, often reposes with open wings in the bed of a stream on a stone, 

 frequents paths in the forests, sucks at the exuding sap of trees (Ilex), and occasionally settles on the ground 

 with open wings. If disturbed it pitches on the trunk of trees, closing the wings and then being difficult to 

 perceive (Hampson, NicSville). Himalayas: Burma to Kashmir, and in the adjacent Chinese mountains 

 (province of Sze-chucn). — In Eastern and Southern China (and Tonkin?) the species is represented by a 

 charonia. slightly different form, charonia Don.*), in which the bands are narrowed and shortened. On the forewing the 

 submarginal band is usually oJ>solete anteriorly, the small white subapical spot is isolated; but as the species 

 is variable, these differences do not strictly hold good. In this and the preceding race the $$ have more abundant 

 markings and somewhat broader wings. — In the northern districts of the distribution-area, on the continent, 

 riiaronides. there occurs another subspecies, which may be named charonides .^^/fc^/). nov. (63c, as canace). Similar to the 

 Himalayan form; the submarginal band, though narrowed, reaches the white subapical spot; on both wings, 

 particularly on the forewing, there is a distinct marginal double line, which is somewhat diffuse anteriorly 

 no-japonica. and loosely merged together with the submarginal band. Lower Amur and Ussuri. — no-japonica Sieh. (6.3c, d, 

 as charonica) as the older name has to be retained instead of glancoiiia Motsch. for a further subspecies, 

 which is characterized by the oblique spot being white or whitish at the costal margin. In the bands this 

 form agrees with charonia, but there occur also here exceptional specimens in which the band of the 

 forewing reaches the subapical spot. The $ in two forms ( ? seasonal), the one being very conspicuously 

 marmorated beneath and having the bands of the upperside slightly violet, while the other is beneath almost 

 uniformly russet-brown and pencilled with black, the bands of the upperside being as pure blue as in the ^. 

 The marginal markings (lines) are very slightly developed in all specimens, being sometimes altogether absent. 

 ishima. Japan, also on the southern islands as far as Oshima and Okinawa; Corea. — ishima Fruhst., which we 

 mention here for the sake of completeness, has the apex of the forewing more produced ( ? seasonal form) 

 and the teeth of the hindwing more pointed. The oblique costal spot is pure white, sharply defined, the sub- 

 apical band of both wings narrower, straighter and at both ends shortened, neither reaching the apex nor 

 the anal angle an the hindwing. Ishigaki-sima (Liukiu Islands). — In the Indo-Malayan territories the 

 species is represented by several more local races, which will be dealt with among the Exotics. 



9. Clemis: Pol^'goiiia 



Hbn. 



Morphologically closely connected with Vanessa, there being no difference in neuration. The palpi 

 slightly different, densely scaled beneath, less densely laterally and above, with single long hairs, end-segment 

 short, hardly Vi the length of the 2. segment, which is slightly curved and not at all thickened; antennae with 

 obtuse club. More essentially differing in facies, on account of the deeply excised distal margin of the forewing 

 and the strongly dentate margin of both wings. The prevalent colour of the butterflies is brown, the underside 

 of the hindwing always with a white hook- or angle-mark. They are very lively, sailing with a swinging flight 

 among tiie Inishes at the edges of the woods and on clearings , settle with spread wings on leaves or the 

 ground, and imbibe moisture and the sap exuding from wounded trees. 



l-albiim. P. 1-album Esp. {= vau-album Schiff., nom. nud.) (63d). The largest species of the genus, very similar 



to Van. xanthomelas, but the wings more elongate and more strongly dentate, the hindwing beneath bearing the 

 dielone. characteristic V or L. ab. chelone Schidtz is an aberration which differs in a similar way as ab. testudo; the costal 

 spots are united, the hindmarginal ones enlarged, the ground-colour pale brown; on the hindwing the black 

 costal spot is partly joined to the dark outer margin, the contiguous white patch being consequently partly 

 contexta. reduced, the underside is darker, the white L being reduced to a small spot. In ab. contexta Schidtz the second 

 costal spot of the forewing is connected with the hindmarginal spots in the shape of a band. — Larva black 

 or blue-grey, the spines being black in the young larva, yellow in adult ones; head dotted with yellowish, bearing 

 2 yellow spines; on the back a yellow stripe, which is longitudinally divided by a brown line, both being inter- 

 rupted between the segments, another yellow line on each side, stigmata reddish yellow, venter russet-red; 



*) The figures 63 c, d belong to »o-ja2>onica (^ glauconiu). 



