210 



.SYMBRENTHIA. Bv H. Stichel. 



porima. transition to ab. porima 0. (64d) which is already so much changed in the direction of the spring-brood that 

 the reddish yellow colour in the distal area forms the ground-colour, the bands of prorsa, however, still being 

 diluta. visible. Finally, ab. diluta Spiil. is an artificially produced variety which resembles porima, but the forewing 

 has an archaic Nymphalidian character in the row of spots recalling the ocelli found in the Satyrids. 

 All these forms are connected by intergradations, prorsa being considered the more recent form, which can 

 be changed by the application of cold into levana (the ancestral form), while the inverse does not take place. 

 — The egg of the species is ovate, flattened above, ribbed, of a greenish colour. The larva feeds on Urtica 

 dioica gregariously; it is black or pale brown with black stripes, sometimes with a reddish side-line, armed 

 with short branched thorns, which are black, sometimes yellow. Pupa brown, spotted with blackish, the 

 projections of the head and back obtuse, sometimes with metallic spots. The pupa of the last brood hibernates. 

 The species is distributed over Central and East Europe (except England) southward to Dalmatia, tlirough 

 Armenia, Siberia, Ainurland, Ussuri, Corea to Japan (here apparently in 3 broods), the varieties recurring in 

 the East without showing any striking or constant differences from those of the West. 



burejana. A. burejana Brem. (64c) is a very similar but larger species, with the margin of the hindwing evenly 



undulate, not being angulate at the lower radial. Also of this insect several apparently seasonal forms have 

 strigosa. received names. In ab. strigosa BtJr. (64e) the black markings are so enlarged that this coloin- may be con- 

 fallax. sidered the ground-colour, oji which the bands of tiie following form already appear, ab. fallax Jans. (64e) 

 corresponds to ab. prorsa of A. levana and resembles the same so closely that they might be confounded, but 

 the posterior portion of the band of the forewing is more erect in burejana (vertical to the hindmargin), ob- 

 liquely inclining towards tlie base in prorsa. — The two first forms are distributed throughout Amurland, 

 Central and West China, Corea, Central Japan, whereas fallax has been recorded only from Japan (Hakodate, 

 Yokohama, Oiwake). 



prorsoides. A. prorsoides Blanch. (64f) resembles fallax on the upperside, but is recognizable by the different position 



of tlie outer costal spots of the formxing. the markings in the distal area, and the .3 almost parallel stripes resp. 



levanoides. bands of the hindwing. In ab. levanoides Blanch. (64d) all the markings are reddish brown and partly more 

 prominent but narrower; corresponds nearly to strigosa. West China, ? Japan (Oiwake); also in North India: 

 flavida. Naga Hills. In ab. flavida ObertJi. the pale markings are very much extended; the forewing bears in and the 

 below the cell lai'ge yellowish patches, the posterior spot of the costal halfband is prolonged into a streak; 

 the hindwing brownish and wliitish from the base to the submarginal band, only the basal area bearing still 

 some dark spots; the distal margin dark brown, the inner edge of this band arcuate and near the same a row 

 of dark spots on the light-coloured portion of the wing. The underside is whitish for the greater part, both 

 wings bearing some dark-edged brownish spots in the basal area and indistinct yellowish and blackish shadows 

 and stripes in the middle and outer areas. From Siaolu. 



doris. A. doris Leech (^ 64e, $ 64f) again closely resembles burejana, but also recalls strigosa. It differs from 



both in the more roimded wings and in the markings of the distal marginal area of the hindwing. On the 

 latter the blue-spotted sulimarginal band is absent, being replaced by a row of rounded or partly quadrangular 

 black spots, also the underside of the hindwing exhibiting some essential differences, so that the specific distinct- 

 ness appears to be established. — Central and West China (June, July). 



davidis. A. davidis Pouj. has on the forewing reddish yellow irregular transverse bands and lines on a black-brown 



ground, placed as in the next form, but broader. The hindwing bears in the outer half a broad reddish 

 brown band, in whose centre there is a round black spot, other black spots, irregularly shaped, being situated 

 before and behind this spot; the basal area is traversed by several reddish brown lines. The underside is reddish 

 brown, variegated with black, the veins being pale, especially on the hindwing, the bands as above but 

 paler, in the distal area of the forewing some whitish spots on a violet ground and in the distal area of the 

 hindwing a row of black-edged white dots, of which the central one is less distinct, being situated on a bluish 

 areas, smear; at the distal margin 3 black lines on a light ground. East Tibet: Moupin. — oreas Leech (64f) is perhaps 

 oidy a seasonal form of the preceding, with narrower ])ands and lines, which have partly a yellowish tint; near 

 the edge of the hindwing a row of blue elongate spots. The underside more brightly marked, the ground- 

 colour being almost red. West China: Wa-ssu-kow, Chow-pin-sa, Pu-tsu-fong. 



11. fTenus: SSymbrenthia Hbn. 



Small light brown butterflies with black-brown bands on the upperside and more or less brightly mar- 

 morated and spotted underside. Eyes hairy; antennae about half the length of the forewing, clubbed; palpi 

 with short ovate end-segment. Forewing a riglit-angled triangle, the subcostal 5-branched, the 1. branch 



