228 ARGYNNIS. By Dr. A. Skitz. 



very regular row of distinct but not large dots. The markings of the underside are likewise better defined 

 and more prominent than in the nymotypical form. — The larva is stout, grey faphirape) or yellowish brown 

 (ossianus), with blackish or brownish head, yellowish red spines and a pale lateral stripe which is shaded with 

 dark below; on Viola and Polygonum, until May, feeds only at night. Pupa earth-grey, with dark markings, 

 silvery tubercles and a pale lateral stripe. The butterflies are on the wing from June until August, occurring 

 almost exclusively on moors and in swampy woods. They are exceedingly local, being common in one place, 

 rare in another, the flight-places lying widely dispersed over the northern districts of both hemispheres. On 

 close comparison the specimens from different places exhibit some distinctions and a series of individuals can 

 be selected which connect the above-mentioned forms and which render a sharp separation of the latter the 

 more impossible the more specimens are compared, so that with Elwes tlie forms triclaris and ossianus must 

 be called , .inconstant". The butterflies usually are found silting in a lethargic state on flowers during the 

 morning, when they are easy to obtain (Stockhert). 



hegemone. A. hegemone Stgr. (671). In size like the preceding, but the markings of the upperside consisting of 



isolated spots. Tlie hindwing bears beneath an irregular dentate median band and a black dot in a pale patch 

 in the cell, otherwise the pattern of the underside of both wings closely resembles that of nymotypical aphirape. 

 In the mountains of Turkestan, the Pamirs, at altitudes of from 4—6000 ft. According to AlphSraky specimens 

 from Kuldja are constantly different from the individuals from Margelan, which statement Elwes does not 

 confirm. — Distinctly different, however, is a form from the ,,dry mountains" (Kuruk-tag), south-east of 



embescens. Korla, erubescens Stgr. (67i); its upperside is fiery red, with the black markings reduced to little dots. June 

 till August. 



selenis. A. selenis Ev. (67g). Above deeper brown than the preceding, the black spots much larger tlian in hege- 



mone, but not united to dentate bands as in aphirape. On the hindwing beneath the basal band consists of 

 but 3 small pale spots which hardly touch each other; the median band is rather narrow and tlie pale spot 

 placed in the same at the apex of the cell projects less distad and is less silvery than in the otherwise not 

 dissimilar A. euphrosyne and selene. In typical spcimens from the Ural Mts. the outer half of the hindwing 



sihiiicn. beneath is scaled with yellow and brick-red, while in sibirica Ersch. (= selenis (7/-aps.) (67g), from the mountains 

 of Southern Siberia and Amurland, it is clouded with purplish violet. Widely distributed but very local, in 

 June and much more plentiful again from August onward. 



selene. A. selene Schiff. (= euphrosyne Bgstr., euphrasia Lew., silene Have.) (67g). Forewing above and beneath 



very similar to tliat of the preceding. Hindwing beneath with the median band distinct but not broad, the 

 costal spot of the band, the large tooth aljove the apex of the cell and the one below the cell-end being vividly 

 silvery like the marginal lunules ; the broad interspace betweenthe median band and the marginal lunules is leather- 

 yellow and bears below the apex and above the anal angle two large dark cinnamon clouds; obsolescent silvery 

 selenia. macular bands extend from the costal and abdominal margins towards the centre of the wing. ab. selenia Frr. 

 (67h) is the name of the darkened specimens of the much smaller second brood found in many places of Central 

 Germany and perhaps occurring also in other parts of Central Europe, its underside being hardly different, ab. 

 marphisa. marphisa Hbst. flies as a rarity among normal specimens in Xorthern Europe; upperside so extended black that 

 intermedia, only isolated spots of the yellowish brown ground-colour are left. In ab. intermedia Spangb. the upperside 

 is similar, only the outer margin bearing yellowish brown spots; the hindwing beneath has only one large 

 silver-spot besides the triangular marginal markings; likewise from North Europe, rather rare among typical 

 tlwlia. specimens. In ab. ttialia Esp. (= pales Brgstr.), from Esthonia, the upperside is entirely black, ab. gerda 

 gerda. Schultz is partially melanotic, the spots of the submai'ginal row radiating towards the margin, ab. fulva, 

 fulva. described by Gillmer from North Germany, is completely brown above, with violet sheen beneath. — perryi 

 Btlr. (67g) is a but slightly modified iovm oi selene from Corea; the figure taken from the type in the British 

 Museum proves clearly that this form has nothing to do with iphigenia. Differs from nymotypical selene 

 only in the brown spots of the underside being more strongly developed: the apex of the forewing is 

 almost entirely occupied by a cinnamon patch and the two cinnamon spots in the distal area of the hind- 

 liela. wing are so enlarged that they are united. — liela Stgr. (67g) is a very small form with dark upperside from the 

 high North, the beautiful silvery colour of the marginal and median spots being replaced by dull yellow with an 

 oily gloss; the clouds between the median band and the distal margin, which are of a beautiful cinnamon colour 

 diliitior. in nymotypical selene, are dark sepia-brown in hela. Lapponia, Finmark, and northern Siberia. — dilutior Fixs. 

 (67g) is paler than the European form ; on the hindwing beneath the silver-spots are larger and between the median 

 band and the marginal spots there is a much broader halfband than in nymotypical selene, consisting of 3 silver- 

 spots and extending from the costa backwards. Amurland and Corea. This form is the only one on the 

 Suifun, while it occurs in other districts of Amurland but singly among specimens resembling European ones. 



