ARGYNNIS. Bj Dr. A. Seitz. 233 



marked willi brick-red on a yellow ground. Long red rays filled in with silver extend from the edge of both 

 wings far on to the disc, other silvery spots being situated in the median band and at the base. The aberrations 

 descri])ed of this species are of a similar kind as those known of the other Argynnis belonging to the Brenthis-gvoup . 

 Leech mentions specimens in which the black markings form a median band; there also occur dark-margined 

 specimens and others with pale diseal spots; these aberrations have not received names. The species has a 

 very wide distribution, flying throughout West China, in the mountainous districts of Sze-chuen, at Moupin, 

 Ta-tsien-lu, and the neighboring districts of Tibet. — charis Oberth. (68d) flies in Yunnan, i. e. outside the dians. 

 Palaearctic Region; we describe it here only, because the other forms of gong are exclusively Palaearctic. The 

 ground and the dusting of the hindwing beneath are darker, the dusting being sometimes russet- or cinnamon- 

 brown; the silver is much increased, especially the marginal rays, which are linear streaks in gong, are enlarged 

 to triangles with broad bases. — evan Gr.-Grsh. (68d), from the Dchatar and Sinin Mts., but probably occurring evan. 

 throughout the highlands of Tibet, is at once recognized by the absence of the black dusting at the base of the 

 wings; moreover, it is smaller, more fiery reddish yellow, and has hardly any spots at the distal margin of the 

 forewing. — The species appears to be confined to the mountains, occurring up to considerable altitudes and 

 being extremely abundant where it is found, at least at the upper Yang-tse-kiang, whence Leech received 

 hundreds of specimens. 



A. jerdoni Lang (68d). Above resembling gong in the forewing beihg dusted with black at the basal jcrdoni. 

 and along the liindmargin; the hindwing as in nymotypical gong also black from the base to the orange-red 

 distal band. However, this insect comes much nearer eiiphrosyne in the markings of the underside, especially 

 of the hindwing, except that the median band does not bear one silver-spot as in eiiphrosyne, but three as in 

 selene. The species is at once recognizable lay the black submarginal spots having silvery centres and thus 

 forming an even row of ocelli on both wings. Kashmir. — chitralensis Moore is a smaller western race; the diitralensis. 

 hindwing beneath is more strongly red and has smaller silver-spots. From Chitral, probably also in Afghan- 

 istan. — The species is as yet but little known. 



A. gemmata Bllr. (68d, c). Tliis species, which occurs in Palaearctic Tibet as well as Sikkim, is at once gemmata. 

 recognized by the apex of the forewing being pointed as in pales and by the silvery markings of the hindwing 

 beneath being very abundant, recalling lathonia. These markings have given the insect its name. The cJ is 

 of a beautiful dark orange above, with abundant black markings, the 9 being duller, with a white line before 

 the black distal margin. It is worthy of note that the triangular marginal silver-spots are broad at the margin 

 and that the silver-spot placed across the apex of the cell is <>=- shaped. In the Tibetan and Sikkimese 

 valleys of the northern slopes of the Himalaya, not rare. - — altissima EUv. is a very small form with the same altissima. 

 underside as gemmata. From the highest localities of the Himalaya, wiiere there is vegetation. Paler above, 

 the marginal lunules and the fringe-spots whitish. It hardly occurs on Palaearctic territory. — On the other 

 hand, mackinnoni Nicev. extends into the Palaearctic Region in the North-Western Himalayas. It differs mm-kinnoni. 

 from altissima in the whitish colour of the spots of the forewing above and the stronger cinnamon-red 

 dusting in the basal area of the hindwing beneath. From the Gonass Pass, at 15000 ft. — The last two 

 mountain forms are so different from gemmata that many authors consider them forms of a separate species. 



A. eugenia Ev. (=: vega Christ.) (68e) is similar to the preceding; above with the general characteristics eugenia. 

 of the other smaller species of Argynnis; beneath like gemmata with abundant silver markings on the hindwing 

 and in the apical area of the forewing, but the spots more rounded, the spot across the cell more tooth-like, the 

 marginal spots not triangular but circular or ovate and a little removed from the edge. The ground-colour 

 of the $ is more greenish grey thaw reddish yellow. From South Siberia (Sajan, Irkutsk), Tibet (Hokow) 

 and West China. — genia Fruhst. .(68e) has the liindwing beneath paler, the silvery median spot across the cell genia. 

 is more produced distad, somewhat resembling in shape the same spot of gemmata. The base of both wings 

 above is much darker (brownish green in the $) and the black markings are stronger. From West China. — 

 rhea Gr.-Grsh. has the same long silver-spot as genia, but is brighter yellow above, the base of the wings being rhea. 

 less dusted with black. Amdo. -^ montana Bang-H., from the central Altai, is paler and its markings are montana. 

 thinner. The $ especially is lighter, and tiie black marginal band of the upperside is less prominent. Beneath 

 the shorter silver-spot at once distinguished it from genia. — Little is known of the habits of this species. 



A. astarte Dbl. While the nymotypical subspecies, described from Alberta, Canada, occurs exclusively 

 in boreal America and will be dealt with in Vol. V of this work, several Argynnis are found in the Palaearctic 

 Region which can be united witli astarte in one species, although some authors treat them as different species. 

 In size they agree with true Argynnis, being hardly inferior to niobe, for example. In pattern, however, they 

 bear a resemblance to thore and hecate of the Brenthis-group. — amphilochus Men. The black markings of ampliilodms. 

 the upperside are united to form a net-work, with the exception of the heavy black submarginal dots. The 



