ARGYNNIS. By Dr. A. Seitz. ^ 235 



Mts., is larger and paler, especially beneath, the cinnamon clouds in the distal area of the hindwing being 

 replaced by vestiges of ochreous shadows. — sibirica Stgr. i. I. (68h) is as large as the preceding. Very strongly sibirica. 

 marked with black, especially beneath, the yellow median band on the hindwing beneath being very prominent 

 in consequence of its sharp black borders; the basal area, moreover, is clouded with brown and the median 

 band has a greenish tint as in the next form; Sajan Mts. — amurensis Stgr. (68h), from Amurland and Corea, amtirensis. 

 is the largest form, somewhat resembling daphne in size, shape and colour. The upperside is heavily marked 

 with black; the underside bears dense violet-brown clouds outside the greenish yellow median band. — 

 tigroides Fnihst. (68h) is considerably smaller than amurensis, the wings are more rounded, and the heavy black tigroides. 

 spots on the fiery yellowish red upperside are rounded. Japan. — borealis Stgr. i. I. (68g) is a small form; borealis. 

 smaller than European specimens, the pure yellow median band of the hindwing beneath contrasts vividly 

 'with the basal area and the clouds in the distal area, which are deep cinnamon-brown; from the Witim R. in 

 Siberia. — siopelus Fruhst. {= herzi Stgr. i. I.) (68g) is the form from Kamtchatka; not larger than the previous, siopelus. 

 the black markings above less sharply defined and the base of both wings somewhat blackish; the underside 

 very pale, the markings obsolescent, the whole outer half of the hindwing almost uniformly pale ochreous. — 

 paidicus Fruhst. (68g), from the Altai, is hardly larger; the upperside marked as in nymotypical ino, but the paidicus. 

 ground-colour much lighter yellowish red. Also the underside paler than in European specimens, but the black 

 submarginal dots of the hindwing especially prominent. $-f. discolus Fruhst. (68h), from the Altai, but perhaps discolus. 

 of wider distribution, has the upperside darkened, especially the basal area. — acrita Fruhst. is a transition acrita. 

 from discolus to amurensis; similar to European ino in colour and size, but the black distal border broader and 

 the dots larger; the hindwing beneath more uniform in colour, with the brownish violet clouds reduced. Siberia. 

 — Larva of a whitish or yellowish grey; a pale-edged brown dorsal line, a whitish yellow lateral line with a 

 brown one above it, head brown, with two black spots, spines yellowish with black bristles; from the autumn 

 until May on Sanguisorba, Spiraea and Rubus chamaemorus. Pupa yellowish brown, with darker marmoration, 

 on the back yellow points. The butterfly in June and July on moors and swampy meadows of the low lands 

 and the valleys in the mountains, visiting with preference thistle-heads and the flowers of brambles. The species 

 is very sporadic and in many districts one of the rarer Argynnis. 



A. daphne Schiff. (= chloris Esp.) (69a). Mostly larger and lighter yellowish red than ino from the same daphne. 

 locality. The markings of the upperside very sharply defined and deep black; otherwise similar to ino, especially 

 beneath, but the whole outer area of the hindwing from the median band is more strongly and evenly clouded 

 with violet, even the spot of the median band situated at the apex of the cell being shaded with violet. In South 

 and Central Europe, northward to Liineburg and Central Russia, and from Spain to Asia Minor and Armenia. 

 In ab. daphnoides Schultz the whole upperside dusted with russet, but the markings are nevertheless distinctly daphnoides. 

 visible. In ab. gritta Schultz the violet in the outer half of the hindwing beneath is replaced with red. In gritta. 

 ab. conjuncta Tutt the seriated spots of the upperside are partly merged together in bands, whicli again are conjuncta. 

 connected with one another in places. In ab. asopis Schultz the black markings of the upperside are concentrated asopis. 

 into a median band, the ocelli of the hindwing beneath being reduced, while in the very similar ab. weidi Gillrn. weidi. 

 also the base is dusted with dark above. — Towards east we meet with the first local race in the South 

 Russian steppes: epidaphne Fruhst. (69a). It is but little larger than German and Austrian specimens, but the epidaphne. 

 ground-colour above is darker ochreous and the black markings are reduced. — ochroleuca Fruhst. (69a) is a odiroleuca. 

 large form from North China and Amurland. It stands in the same relation to European daphne as amurensis 

 to nymotypical ino; it is however of a beautiful orange-yellow, being otherwise similar to the next form. — 

 rabdia Btlr. is the Japanese form, which is the largest of all; above lighter, with less strong markings. — fumida rabdia. 

 Btlr. differs (individually?) in the duller ground-colour and larger black dots; Corea. — Larva blackish brown, f"'n'da. 

 with yellowish brown head, a yellow dorsal double line and yellow lateral line; the spines yellow with black 

 tips; until May on violets and raspberry. Pupa yellowish grey with small golden yellow or golden red warts 

 on the back. The butterfly in June and July in meadows and valleys of the mountains, and especially 

 often found on the flowers of brambles. The species is widely distributed, but does by no means occur every- 

 where, and is plentiful only in certain localities. The flight-places are generally not very extensive and are 

 .sparsely scattered over the area of distribution. 



A. lathonia L. (= latonia Godt.) (69a). The small fritillary is brighter red than the preceding, the markings lathonia. 

 of the upperside being very regularly arranged. The disc of the forewing beneath yellowish red, with large 

 rounded black spots, the hindwing and the apex of the forewing bearing large silver-spots, the marginal ones 

 being contiguous; between these silver-spots there are russet-brown clouds, in which stand small ocelli with 

 silver-pupils. This species has more silver than any other, and therefore cannot be mistaken. One of the 

 most widely distributed species, occurring from the Canaries to beyond the Tibetan eastern boundary of the 



