236 ARGYNNIS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 



Rob. {69d), from the Taurus, is close to orientalis; in the $ sent by Herr ROber for figuring the marginal 

 lunules of the hindwing beneath are feebly silvery proximally, as in European ab. eris, but the specimen is 

 larger than eris, the upperside liaving thinner black markings and the underside being paler and more unicol- 



iekkensis. orous. — tekkensis Christ., from Turkestan, comes likewise close to orientalis, being only a smaller form of it. 



philistra. — Syrian specimens are very peculiar: philistra form. nov. (69d); the hindwing beneath is shaded with blackish 

 green in the basal area and on the distal band, the submarginal row of oceUi being in the $ almost concealed 

 under this dusting. — Corresponding to the form fortuna of aglaja there occurs also of niobe a gigantic form, 



gigantea. gigantea Stgr. (69c), the surface of which is about three times as large as in ordinary European specimens. The 

 upperside is very bright foxy red in the (J, greenish yellow-brown in the $; the underside has but little silver. 

 ornata. From Astrabad in Persia. — ornata Stgr., from the Pamirs and Northern Persia, is a transition from gigantea 

 to orientalis or taura. — Egg conical, the top concave with projecting longitudinal ribs, at first pale yellow, 

 later reddish. The larva is already developed in the egg in 2 wrecks, but does not then emerge in our latitudes, 

 hibernating in the egg-shell; it feeds on Violaceae from March until July: brown, with pale spines, of which 

 the prothoracic ones are the longest, and with a dark-edged pale dorsal line; whitish spots and dark side-stripes 

 an each segment; head and legs yellowish brown. Pupa reddish brown or greenish brown, with metallic points 

 on the back. The butterflies occur from the end of June until August in company with aglaja, having the 

 same habits as the latter. 



alexandra. A. alexandra Men. (69d). This rare butterfly is almost identical with the next in the markings and colour 



of the upperside and in shape, but the underside is quite different from that of any other Argynnis. The apex 

 of the forewing and the ground-colour of the hindwing are beneath uniformly reddish yellow, hardly differing 

 from the disc of the forewing; the whole under surface therefore is unicolorous, the ground-colour being only 

 interrupted by the black discal spots of the forewing and some isolated silvery spots on the disc of the hindwing. 

 — Armenia and Persia. 



• 



adippe. A. adippe L. (= berecynthia'/'orfa, cydippe L.) (69d). Usually larger! than the previous species, the wings 



more obtuse, the outer margin of the forewing quite straight and that of the hindwing feebly undulate in the $. 



Easily recognized by the thickened hairy streaks placed in the S on the branches of the median vein on the 



forewing. Beneath the silver-spots are much larger than in niobe, particularly the marginal spots are much 



longer and broader. In the nymotypical form, which occurs throughout Europe except the high North and the 



Asiatic countries at the Black Sea, the silver-spots stand on a leather-yellow ground, which as a rule shows 



russet-brown scaling only at the edges of the silver-markings; the submarginal area of the hindwing always 



bears small russet-red ocelli, usually centred with silver. In certain specimens the silvery pupils are absent, 



intermedia, while the other silver-spots remain present: ab. intermedia Tutt. In ab. cleodoxa 0. (69e), on the other hand, 



cleodoxa. x\^q silver of the median and marginal spots is 'replaced by yellow, whereas the metallic centres of the ocelli 



are present as a rule; everywhere among ordinary specimens, in the South sometimes the predominant form. 



Specimens with the upperside suffused with blackish, which sometimes has a bluish sheen, bear the name ab. 



suffusa. suffusa Tutt as in other species. — The specimens from the highest North, norwegica Schultz, are smaller than 



notwegica. Central European ones, the markings are smaller and weaker, the marginal lunules are more distinctly separate 



baiuvarica. from each other, the underside is more unicolorous, paler, with the silver less glossy. — baiuvarica .SpM/. (69d), 



from the Algau, is very fiery and the hindwing beneath bears beautiful dark red-brown clouds, the whole wing 



chlorodippe. appearing very bright in colour. — On the Iberian Peninsula adippe is represented by two forms, clllorodippe 



cleodippe. H.-Sch. with abundant silver on a ground dusted with greenish, and cleodippe 0. with the underside likewise 



strongly dusted with green, but bearing little or no silver. — In the Aures Mts. in North Africa I found the 



auresiana. form auresiana Fruhst. (70a), in which — only one specimen, a $, was obtained! — the silver is somewhat 



taurica. reduced, the ground being dark olive. — taurica Stgr. (69e) is very dark above, the yellow-brown is not 



fiery on account of a somewhat greenish dusting; the hindwing beneath is likewise dusted with green; from 



tianchanica. Tauria. — tianchanica Stgr. is a Central-Asiatic form which is smaller and paler, especially beneath, the silver 



being reduced and sometimes even absent. — Specimens with an especially dense emerald-green dusting 



.xipe. from the Dshachar Mts. have been separated as xipe Gr.-Grsh. — jainadeva Moore (69f) is the most southern 



jainadeva. form from Asia, occurring in Kashmir; similar to the preceding, of a rather inconspicuous dull leather-yellow 



colour instead of the fiery tint of the Central European form; recognizable by the basal area of the hiudwing 



beneath being thinly dusted with dull greenish grey, the silver-spots likewise being sometimes slightly dusted 



and therefore appearing less bright. — The forms of adippe from Northern Asia are much richer and more 



ornatissima. beautiful in colour than the southern ones: ornatissima LeerA (69e) is a large magnificent form, the upperside 



being burning red-yellow, the underside recalling chlorodippe from Spain. The hairy streaks on the veins 



of the forewing of the (J are much more prominent than in the other forms of adippe and extend nearer to the 



xanthodippe. base, which induced Leech to treat the insect as a distinct species; from Ta-tsien-lu inSze-chuen. — xanthodippe 



