ARGYNNIS. By Dr. A. Seitz. 239 



Fixs. (69e) likewise resembles cklorodippe beneath, but is considerably larger, the spots on the forewing beneath 

 are very large, the submarginal ocelli of the hindwing stand in red-brown halos, which are united into a band; 

 from Mongolia and Amurland. — chrysodippe Stgr. also closely resembles the Spanish form, the silver being dirysodippe. 

 sometimes almost as abundant, but specimens corresponding to cleodippe with little or no silver are commoner. 

 The verdigris ground of the hindwing with its strong silky yellowish gloss is quite characteristic. In „incredible 

 numbers"''(GRAESER), distributed throughout Eastern Siberia , with numerous varieties and all transitions 

 to the preceding and following form. ~ vorax Bllr. (69e) is apparently tlie largest form of adippe, the forewing vomx. 

 being very pointed and the distal margin of the hindwing long and but little rounded. The underside is much 

 duller, more unicolorous than in the previous form, the disc of the forewing being dull leather-yellow also m the 

 (J, the apex of the forewing and the hindwing feebly shaded with yellowish green, the former quite without 

 silver which is also not abundant on the hindwing, where it is absent from the base of the costal margin and 

 restricted in the marginal spots to their proximal edge; the ocelli, whose russet-yellow halos are united into a 

 band in xanthodippe, stand widely apart. In Central and West China, particularly along the Yang-tse-kiang, 

 as far north as Shanghai. — coredippe Leech (70a) is the deodoxa-iorm of the large East- Asiatic corax; as in coredippe. 

 cleodoxa the silver is replaced with pale yellow, but the spots are more prominent than in the European form 

 on account of the greenish dusting of the ground between them; Mancliuria, Shantung, Corea. — Butler's 

 locuples is based on specimens with a very brightly variegated underside, which bears, especially in the apical lomples. 

 area of the forewing, strong silvery and copper-brown markings on a greenish ground, — pallescens Btlr. is similar pallescens. 

 to vorax but differs in the apical area of the forewing beneath bearing three silver-spots and m its smaller size, 

 %vhich hardly surpasses that of Central European adippe. China, Japan, abundant. — Egg of adippe similar to 

 that of niobe, at first pale greyish green, soon becoming darker. The larva, which is already developed in the 

 summer, does not emerge from the egg before March, feeding until June on Violaceae. It is greyish brown 

 or dark grey, with the head black-brown and the spines and small warts russet-red; on the back two well- 

 defined white lines and on the sides dark oblique stripes. Pupa surrounded by a loose web, greyish brown 

 or greenish grey, with some metallic points on the back. The butterflies are on the wing a little later than the 

 preceding species, occurring from July until September. The flight is considerably more steady than in mobe 

 and aglaja, but nevertheless fast. The butterflies are found on clearings and at the edges of woods and are 

 very busy visiting brambles and thistles. They are common, and are easily caught when they have settled 

 on flowers. 



A nerippe Fldr (69f). On an average much larger tlian the preceding species, especially the ?? often n-erippe. 

 gigantic;* not dissimilar beneath to the large forms of adippe. Easily recognized by the upperside bearing 

 single large circular spots in the broad median area and by the marginal lunules of the hindwing being in shape 

 inverse as compared with those of adippe, their tips instead of their bases being directed towards the edge 

 of the wing; from North Japan. - In the form coreana Btlr., from Corea, the upperside is pale yelloxy and the roreana. 

 black markings are thin and sparse, the spots smaller and often obsolescent. - In ner.pp.na Fruhst. (b9f), nerrppma. 

 from Sze-chuen and East Tibet (Ta-Ho), the underside bears smaller ocelli on the hindwmg. — South Japanese 

 specimens, chlorotis Fruhst., are more abundantly dusted with green in 3 and ? than North Japanese ones. cMorot.s. 

 - megalothymus Fruhst. (69f) is a very remarkable mountain-form from the mam island of Japan; the black meS"- 

 spots are enormously enlarged, especially in the ?, being united so as almost to form a band. - Nothing is 'otnymus. 

 known about the early stages. The butterflies are very common, being at Kiukiang even more plentiful than 

 the adippe-forms. They are on the wing in July and August and visit Compositae. The flight is similar to 

 that of laodice. 



A laodice Pall. (= cethosia Hbn.) (70a). Bright leather-yellow, the ? with minute white spots before laodice. 

 the apex of the forewing. Central and distal areas with very regular rows of round black dots. Underside 

 without silver, a row of elongate white spots with an oily gloss separates on the hmdwing the yellow proximal 

 area which has a greenish gloss, from the distal area, which is dusted with pinkisli violet. 1 iiroughout Eastern 

 Europe and North Asia, westward as far as Eastern Germany, but iiot extending beyond the Elbe; from Pom- 

 merania, Mecklenburg, Galicia, the Bucovina, South Russia, and tlie Caucasus as far as Eastern Siberia and 

 Japan - samana Fruhst. (69f) is the West-Chinese form from Sze-chuen; the wlutish band of spots is slight y samana. 

 silvery the basal half of the hindwing beneath, which has only a feeble greenish sheen, is more strongly 

 dusted with green, and the outer area is more bluish violet along the silver-band instead of pmkisli violet 

 Hardly separable from East European specimens. - rudrina Fruhst., from Tientsuen, has the hindwing beneath n,drn,a. 

 almost as strongly green as rudra, to which it forms a transition, the outer area, moreover being as green 

 as the basal area,'from which it is separated by tlie silvery and the violet-brown band. - rudra Moore (70e), rudra. 

 from Kashmir and North India, is a fiery dark brown and larger form; the dark lines in the basal area ot the 

 hindwincr beneath, which are thin in nvmotvpical laodice, are in r»rfra united to a heavy brown transverse band — 

 ariana Fruhst. (70c), from South Japan, is considerably larger than the European form, more leather-yellow than amwa. 



